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to all people by raising him

  • 1 πίστις

    πίστις, εως, ἡ (Hes., Hdt.+; ranging in meaning from subjective confidence to objective basis for confidence).
    ⓐ the state of being someone in whom confidence can be placed, faithfulness, reliability, fidelity, commitment (X., An. 1, 6, 3; 3, 3, 4; Aristot., Eth. Eud, 7, 2, 1237b, 12; Polyb. 7, 12, 9; 38, 1, 8 al.; Herodian 2, 14, 4 al.; SIG 675, 22; OGI 557, 16; PTebt 27, 6; 51 [II B.C.]; POxy 494, 9; 705, 32; other pap M-M. s.v.; Ps 32:4; Pr 12:22; Jos., Ant. 2, 61; TestAsh 7:7) w. κρίσις and ἔλεος Mt 23:23. (Opp. ἀπιστία as Hes., Op. 370) τὴν πίστιν τοῦ θεοῦ καταργεῖν nullify the faithfulness/commitment of God (cp. Ps 32:4; Hos 2:22) Ro 3:3. πᾶσαν π. ἐνδείκνυσθαι ἀγαθήν show all good faith(fulness) Tit 2:10 (cp. BGU 314, 19 μετὰ πίστεως ἀγαθῆς). W. other virtues Gal 5:22 (on πίστις, πραΰτης cp. Sir 45:4; 1:27). W. ὑπομονή 2 Th 1:4. τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα I have remained faithful or loyal (πίστιν τηρεῖν as Polyb. 6, 56, 13; 10, 37, 5; Jos., Bell. 2, 121; 6, 345; OGI 339, 46f; IBM III, 587b, 5f [Dssm., LO 262=LAE 309, esp. note 3]) 2 Ti 4:7, though this would be classified by some under 3 below. S. also 1c below.
    ⓑ a solemn promise to be faithful and loyal, assurance, oath, troth (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 44; 8, 8, 3, Hell. 1, 3, 12; Diod S 14, 9, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 86 §362 μεγάλας πίστεις ἔδωκεν=solemn assurances; 3 Macc 3:10; Jos., Ant. 12, 382) τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν 1 Ti 5:12 (s. also ἀθετέω 1 and cp. CIA app. [Wünsch, Praef. p. xv] of a woman who πρώτη ἠθέτησεν τὴν πίστιν to her husband). Cp. Rv 2:3.
    ⓒ a token offered as a guarantee of someth. promised, proof, pledge (Pla., Phd. 70b; Isocr. 3, 8; Aristot., Rhet. 1, 1; 3, 13; Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 63; 85: πίστις βεβαία=dependable proof; Polyb. 3, 100, 3; Περὶ ὕψους 39, 3=p. 74, 20 V.; Epict. 1, 28, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 119 §500; Jos., Ant. 15, 69) πίστιν παρασχὼν πᾶσιν ἀναστήσας αὐτόν (God has appointed a man [Jesus] to be judge of the world, and) he has furnished proof (of his fitness for this office) to all people by raising him (on πίστιν παρέχειν cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 218 πίστιν παρεῖχε; 15, 260; Polyb. 2, 52, 4 πίστιν παρέσχετο=gave a pledge, security; Vett. Val. 277, 29f) Ac 17:31. JBarton, Biblica 40, ’59, 878–84: π. in 2 Ti 4:7= bond deposited by an athlete. But see 3 below.—WSchmitz, ῾Η Πίστις in den Papyri, diss. Cologne, ’64.
    ② state of believing on the basis of the reliability of the one trusted, trust, confidence, faith in the active sense=‘believing’, in ref. to deity (Soph. Oed. R. 1445 νῦν γʼ ἂν τῷ θεῷ πίστιν φέροις; Pla., Leg. 12, 966de; Plut. Mor. 402e; 756b; Dio Chrys. 3, 51 παρὰ θεῶν τιμὴ κ. πίστις; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 226 D.: πίστιν ἐν τ. θεοῖς ἔχειν; Appian, Liby. 57 §248 ἐς θεοὺς πίστις; Ep. 33 of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 352, 14]; Herm. Wr. 9, 10 ἐπίστευσε καὶ ἐν τῇ καλῇ πίστει ἐπανεπαύσατο; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 21 τῆς βεβαίας πίστεως, τὸ μεμαθηκέναι, ὅτι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ προνοεῖται πάντα. The divinity Πίστις in Plut., Num. 70 [16, 1] and in magic [exx. in Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 234f, among them Aberciusins. 12; PGM 4, 1014 ἀλήθεια καὶ πίστις; 12, 228]; Wsd 3:14; 4 Macc 15:24; 16:22; 17:2; Philo, Abr. 270; 271; 273, Mut. Nom. 182, Migr. Abr. 43f, Conf. Lingu. 31, Poster. Cai. 13 [on faith in Philo s. the lit. given under πιστεύω 2aα]; Jos, C. Ap. 2, 163; 169; Just., A I, 52, 1 πίστιν ἔχειν; 53, 11 πειθὼ καὶ πίστιν … ἐμφορῆσαι), in our lit. directed toward God and Christ, their revelations, teachings, promises, their power and readiness to aid.
    ⓐ God: πίστις θεοῦ (cp. Jos., Ant. 17, 179.—Cp. π. καὶ φόβος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [p. 72, 26]) faith, trust, confidence in God Mk 11:22; cp. Ac 19:20 D; 1 Cl 3:4; 27:3. π. θείου πνεύμαπος faith in the divine spirit Hm 11:9. ἡ π. τοῦ κυρίου Hs 6, 3, 6. π. (καὶ ἐλπὶς) εἰς θεόν 1 Pt 1:21. π. ἐπὶ θεόν Hb 6:1. ἡ πίστις ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8 (on the constr. w. πρὸς τ. θ. cp. Philo, Abr. 268; 271; 273; Just., D. 121, 2 διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον π.).—πίστις can also be characterized as faith in God by the context, without the addition of specific words; so in connection w. OT personalities: Abraham Ro 4:5, 9, 11–13, 16, 19f (s. also 2dα below); 1 Cl 10:7; 31:2; of Rahab 12:1, 8; of Esther 55:6 (ἡ τελεία κατὰ πίστιν). The OT heroes of faith Hb 11:4–33, 39 (w. this catalogue of heroes cp. Il. 4, 457–538; 2 Km 23:8–39; 1 Ch 11:10–12:18; CGordon, Homer, and the Bible: HUCA 26, ’55, 83).—But in Hb it is also true that God is specifically the object of the Christian’s faith, and Christ 12:2 is ὁ τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειώτης. Cp. 10:38; 11:3; 13:7. (On faith in Hb s. Schlatter, Der Glaube im NT4 1927, 520ff; BHeigl, Verfasser u. Adresse des Hb 1905, 109–18; GHoennicke, Die sittl. Anschauungen des Hb: ZWT 45, 1902, 26ff; Windisch, Hdb. exc. on Hb 11; Riggenbach and Michel on Hb 11; Strathmann on 10:38. S. ὑπόστασις end.)—ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν Mt 17:20. Opp. doubt 21:21. αἰτεῖν ἐν πίστει μηδὲν διακρινόμενος Js 1:6. ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως 5:15 (εὐχή 1). ἡ πίστις τῆς ἐνεργείας τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν faith in the working of God, who raised him from the dead Col 2:12.
    ⓑ Christ
    α. of belief and trust in the Lord’s help in physical and spiritual distress; oft. in the synopt. gospels: Mt 8:10; 9:2, 22, 29 (κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν); 15:28; Mk 2:5; 4:40; 5:34; 10:52; Lk 5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:25, 48; 17:19; 18:42.—Cp. ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι (the lame man) had faith that he would be cured Ac 14:9.
    β. of faith in Christ, designated by the addition of certain words. By the obj. gen. (s. Just., D. 52, 4 διὰ τῆς πίστεως τῆς τοῦ χριστοῦ) πίστις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ faith in Jesus Christ (and sim. exprs. On interp. as obj. gen. s. AHultgren, NovT 22, ’80, 248–63 [lit.]; response SWilliams, CBQ 49, ’87, 431–47.) Ro 3:22, 26; Gal 2:16ab, 20; 3:22; Eph 3:12; Phil 3:9a; Js 2:1; Rv 14:12; cp. 2:13 (ἡ πίστις μου=faith in me, the Human One [Son of Man]); IMg 1:1. (The πίστις Χριστοῦ in Paul is taken as a subj. gen. by JHaussleiter, Der Glaube Jesu Christi 1891, Was versteht Paulus unter christlichem Glauben?: Greifswalder Studien für HCremer 1895, 161–82 and GKittel, StKr 79, 1906, 419ff. See also Schläger, ZNW 7, 1906, 356–58; BLongenecker, NTS 39, ’93, 478–80 [lit. since ’81]; DCampbell, JBL 113, ’94, 265–85; response BDodd, 114, ’95, 470–73.—ADeissmann, Paulus2 1925, 125f [Paul, tr. WWilson, 1926, 162ff], speaks of the mystical gen., ‘faith in Christ’. Likew. HWeber, Die Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff, esp. 231, 3; WWeber, Christusmystik 1924, 82. S. also LAlbrecht, Der Glaube Jesu Christi 1921; OSchmitz, Die Christusgemeinschaft des Pls im Lichte seines Genetivgebr. 1924, 91–134; OHoltzmann, D. Glaube an Jes.: Stromata 1930, 11–25; GTaylor, JBL 85, ’66, 58–76: the passages in Gal=Christ’s reliability as a trustee. Cp. GHoward, HTR 60, ’67, 459–65; MHooker, NTS 35, ’89, 321–42.)—By prepositional phrases: πίστις εἰς Χριστόν (and sim. exprs.) faith in Christ Ac 20:21; 24:24; 26:18; Col 2:5 (Just., D. 40, 1).—Also πίστις ἐν Χριστῷ (and sim.) Gal 3:26; Eph 1:15; Col 1:4; 1 Ti 3:13; 2 Ti 3:15; 1 Cl 22:1. In ἱλαστήριον διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι Ro 3:25, ἐν κτλ. prob. goes not w. πίστις, but w. ἱλαστήριον (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; W-S. §20, 5d).—πίστις, ἣν ἔχεις πρὸς τ. κύριον Ἰησοῦν Phlm 5.—πίστις διὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χριστοῦ Ac 20:21 D; sim. ἡ πίστις ἡ διʼ αὐτοῦ 3:16b (cp. 1 Pt 1:21).—Jesus Christ is called ἡ τελεία πίστις ISm 10:2.
    ⓒ πίστις can also be characterized by an objective gen. of the thing: ἡ πίστις τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ faith in his (Jesus’) name Ac 3:16a. ἡ πίστις τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Phil 1:27. εὐαγγελίων πίστις Dg 11:6. πίστις ἀληθείας 2 Th 2:13.
    ⓓ πίστις is found mostly without an obj., faith, firm commitment
    α. as true piety, genuine devotion (Sextus 7a and 7; ParJer 6:7), which for our lit. means being a Christian (τὸ ἀληθινὸν πάσχα … πίστει νονούμενον Hippol., Ref. 8, 18, 1; Did., Gen. 54, 11) Lk 18:8 (s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 288); 22:32; Ac 6:5=vs. 8 v.l.; cp. 11:24.—6:7; 13:8; 14:22; 15:9; 16:5; Ro 1:5, 8, 12, 17ab (ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν does not mean a gradation [as, in a way, Appian, Mithrid. 40 §154: Sulla came upon ἕτερον ὅμοιον ἐξ ἑτέρου=one wall, i.e. fortification, after another similar one] or a transition from one kind to another [Himerius, Or.=Ecl. 10, 6 ἐκ ᾠδῆς εἰς ᾠδὴν ἄλλην μετέβαλον=they changed from one kind of song to another], but merely expresses in a rhetorical way that πίστις is the beginning and the end; s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc., and a grave-ins [ANock, Sallust. p. xxxiii, 94] ἐκ γῆς εἰς γῆν ὁ βίος οὗτοσ=‘dust is the beginning and the end of human life’.—AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54); 17c (here and in Gal 3:11 the LXX of Hab 2:4 [DCampbell, JBL 116, ’97, 713–19] is not followed literally, since it has ἐκ πίστεώς μου=‘as a result of my faithfulness’; even in Hb 10:38, where μου does occur, it goes w. δίκαιος, not w. πίστεως); Ro 3:27f (Luther’s addition of the word ‘alone’ in vs. 28 is hard to contest linguistically. Cp., e.g., Diog. L. 9, 6: Heraclitus wrote his work in very obscure language ὅπως οἱ δυνάμενοι προσίοιεν αὐτῷ=in order that only the capable might approach it. S. also Fitzmyer, ABComm. 360–64), 30f; 4:5–20 (s. also 2a above); 5:1f; 9:30, 32; 10:6, 17; 11:20 (opp. ἀπιστία); 12:3, 6 (s. ἀναλογία; for a difft. view 3 below); 14:1, 22 (s. ἐνώπιον 2b; others would place in 2dε), 23ab (but s. ε below); 16:26; 1 Cor 2:5; 15:14, 17; 16:13; 2 Cor 1:24ab; 4:13; 10:15; 13:5; Gal 3:7–26; 5:5, 6 (s. ἐνεργέω 1b); 6:10 (οἱ οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως, s. οἰκεῖος b); Eph 2:8; 3:17; 4:5, 13; 6:16; Phil 1:25 (χαρὰ τῆς πίστεως); 2:17; 3:9b; Col 1:23; 2:7; 1 Th 3:2, 5, 7, 10; 2 Th 1:3, 11; 3:2; 1 Ti 1:2, 4, 5 (π. ἀνυπόκριτος), 19ab; 4:1; 5:8; 6:10, 12, 21 (but s. 3 below); 2 Ti 1:5 (ἀνυπόκριτος π.); 2:18; 3:8; Tit 1:1, 4, 13; 3:15; Phlm 6 (s. κοινωνία 4); Hb 6:12; 10:22, 39 (opp. ὑποστολή); Js 1:3; 2:5; 1 Pt 1:5, 7, 9; 5:9; 2 Pt 1:1; 1J 5:4; 1 Cl 1:2 (ἡ πανάρετος κ. βεβαία π.); ISm 1:1 (ἀκίνητος π.); Hm 5, 2, 1; 12, 5, 4 (both πλήρης ἐν τῇ πίστει full of faith); 5, 2, 3 (π. ὁλόκληρος); 9:6 (ὁλοτελὴς ἐν τ. π.), 7 (opp. διψυχία), 12 (π. ἡ ἔχουσα δύναμιν); 12, 6, 1; Hs 9, 19, 2 (ἀπὸ τῆς π. κενοί); 9, 26, 8 (κολοβοὶ ἀπὸ τῆς π. αὐτῶν).—τὸ ῥῆμα τ. πίστεως Ro 10:8. οἱ λόγοι τῆς π. 1 Ti 4:6. τὸ μυστήριον τῆς π. 3:9. ὁ θεὸς ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως God has opened the door of faith to the Gentiles, i.e. opened the way for them to participate in a new relationship w. God Ac 14:27 (s. also θύρα 1bγ). ἀκοὴ πίστεως Gal 3:2, 5 (s. ἀκοή 2 and 4b). (τὸ) ἔργον (τῆς) π. 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11 (s. ἔργον 1b). οἱ ἐκ πίστεως the people of faith (s. ἐκ 3b) Gal 3:7, 9. πῶς οὐν [πίστιν εὑρ]ίσκομεν; Ox 1081, 25f (but here [ταῦτα γιγν]ώ̣σκομεν is the preferable restoration w. Till after the Coptic SJCh 90, 2); 32. Of gnostics τοῦ ὄφεως πίστιν ἔχουσιν AcPlCor 2:20.—If the principal component of Christianity is faith, then π. can be understood as the Gospel in terms of the commitment it evokes (cp. SIG 932, 7 [II/I B.C.]) νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει Gal 1:23 (s. 3 below). Perh. also Ro 1:5.
    β. Hb 11:1 defines πίστις as ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων. There is here no qu. about the mng. of π. as confidence or assurance (s. 2a above), but on its relation to ὑπόστασις as its predication s. under that word.—(Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 18 interprets πιστεύειν in someth. as incapability to see someth. that is apparent only to God.) Paul contrasts walking διὰ εἴδους (εἶδος 3) as the lower degree, with διὰ πίστεως περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 5:7 (s. KDeissner, Pls. u. die Mystik seiner Zeit2 1921, 101ff). On the other hand πίστις is on a higher level than merely listening to Christian preaching Hb 4:2.
    γ. πίστις abs., as a Christian virtue, is often coupled w. others of the same kind, esp. oft. w. ἀγάπη: 1 Th 3:6; 5:8; 1 Ti 1:14; 2 Ti 1:13; Phlm 5; B 11:8; IEph 1:1; 9:1; 14:1; 20:1; IMg 1:2; 13:1; IRo ins; ISm ins; 6:1; 13:2; AcPl Ha 8, 35. W. ἀγάπη and other abstracts 2 Cor 8:7; Gal 5:22; Eph 6:23; 1 Ti 2:15; 4:12; 6:11: 2 Ti 2:22; 3:10; Tit 2:2; Rv 2:19; IPhld 11:2; Pol 4:2; Hm 8:9; cp. v 3, 8, 2–5. The triad πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη 1 Cor 13:13; cp. also Col 1:4f; 1 Th 1:3; 5:8; B 1:4 (on this triad see s.v. ἀγάπη 1aα). W. ἐλπίς only (cp. 1 Pt 1:21) 1 Cl 58:2. The ζωῆς ἐλπίς is called ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος πίστεως ἡμῶν B 1:6.—W. ἀλήθεια (TestLevi 8:2) 1 Ti 2:7 (cp. the combination POxy 70, 4f [III A.D.]); 1 Cl 60:4. W. δικαιοσύνη Pol 9:2. W. ὑπομονή Rv 13:10; w. ὑπομ. and other abstracts 2 Pt 1:5f; Pol 13:2 (cp. also the following passages already referred to in this section: 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 3:10; Tit 2:2 and Js 1:3 [α above]). W. γνῶσις (Just., D. 69, 1) et al. 2 Pt 1:5f [s. above]; D 10:2. ἵνα μετὰ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν τελείαν ἔχητε τὴν γνῶσιν B 1:5. W. φόβος and ἐγκράτεια Hm 6, 1, 1.—(Distinguished from θεία σοφία: Orig., C. Cels. 6, 13, 23.)
    δ. faith as fidelity to Christian teaching. This point of view calls for ἔργα as well as the kind of πίστις that represents only one side of true piety: Js 2:14ab, 17, 18abc, 20, 22ab, 24, 26 (ἔργον 1a); Hv 3, 6, 5; Hs 8, 9, 1ab.
    ε. Ro 14:22 and 23 π. as freedom or strength in faith, conviction (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; but s. α above).
    ζ. In addition to the πίστις that every Christian possesses (s. 2dα above) Paul speaks of a special gift of faith that belongs to a select few 1 Cor 12:9. Here he understands π. as an unquestioning belief in God’s power to aid people with miracles, the faith that ‘moves mountains’ 13:2 (cp. Mt 17:20.—21:21; s. 2a above). This special kind of faith may be what the disciples had in mind when they asked πρόσθες ἡμῖν πίστιν Lk 17:5; cp. vs. 6. τῇ πίστει φερόμενος ὁ Παυλος AcPl Ha 5, 1.
    ③ that which is believed, body of faith/belief/teaching (Diod S 1, 23, 8 ἰσχυρὰν πίστιν καὶ ἀμετάθετον=an article of faith that was firm and unshakable [concerning Orpheus and Dionysus]; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; Ath. 8, 1; Iren., 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I, 92, 1]; Orig., C. Cels., 1, 42, 26; Did., Gen. 156, 23). So clearly Jd 3 (τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστει), 20 (τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστει.—ἅγιος 1aα). πίστις θεοῦ=that which, acc. to God’s will, is to be believed IEph 16:2.—This objectivizing of the term πίστις is found as early as Paul: Ro 1:5; Gal 1:23 (s. 2dα end) and perh. Gal 3:23–25 (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.). ASeeberg, D. Katechismus der Urchristenheit 1903, 110f, understands 1 Ti 1:19; 4:1, 6; 6:10, cp. 21; 2 Ti 2:18 in this manner. Ro 12:6 (but s. ἀναλογία) and 2 Ti 4:7 are also interpreted in this way by many.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 475–86; ASchlatter, D. Glaube im NT4 1927; APott, Das Hoffen im NT in seiner Beziehung zum Glauben1915; ANairne, The Faith of the NT 1920; RGyllenberg, Pistis 1922; WKümmel, D. Glaube im NT: ThBl 16, ’38, 209–21; Dodd 65–68; TTorrance, ET 68, ’57, 111–14; CMoule, ibid. 157.—Synoptics: TShearer, ET 69, ’57, 3–6.—Esp. for Paul: BBartmann, Pls, die Grundzüge seiner Lehre u. die moderne Religionsgeschichte 1914; WMorgan, The Religion and Theology of Paul 1917; WHatch, The Pauline Idea of Faith in Its Relation to Jewish and Hellenistic Religion 1917; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 4:25; FKnoke, Der christl. Glaube nach Pls 1922; ERohde, Gottesglaube u. Kyriosglaube bei Pls: ZNW 22, 1923, 43–57; EWissmann, Das Verh. v. πίστις und Christusfrömmigkeit bei Pls 1926; MDibelius, Glaube u. Mystik b. Pls: Neue Jahrb. f. Wissensch. u. Jugendbildg. 7, ’31, 683–99; WMundle, D. Glaubensbegriff des Pls ’32 (p. xi–xvi extensive bibliog.); RGyllenberg, Glaube b. Pls: ZWT 13, ’37, 612–30; MHansen, Om Trosbegrebet hos Pls ’37; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics, ’47, 270–77; 298–300; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 310–26 (Engl. tr. KGrobel I ’51, 314–30; for the Johannines II, 70–92, ’55); MMassinger, BiblSacra 107, ’50, 181–94 et al. S. also δικαιοσύνη 3a.—For the Fourth Gosp.: JBuswell, The Ethics of ‘Believe’ in the Fourth Gospel: BiblSacra 80, 1923, 28–37; JHuby, De la connaissance de foi chez S. Jean: RSR 21, ’31, 385–421; RSchnackenburg, D. Glaube im 4. Ev., diss. Breslau ’37; WHatch, The Idea of Faith in Christ. Lit. fr. the Death of St. Paul to the Close of the Second Century 1926.—EGraesser, D. Glaube im Hebräerbrief, ’65.—ABaumeister, D. Ethik des Pastor Hermae, 1912, 61–140.—ESeidl, π. in d. griech. Lit. (to Peripatetics), diss. Innsbruck, ’53; HLjungman, Pistis, ’64; DLührmann, Pistis im Judent., ZNW 64, ’73, 19–38. On faith in late Judaism s. Bousset, Rel.3 534a (index); also DHay, JBL 108, ’89, 4611–76; DLindsay, Josephus and Faith ’93. On the Hellenistic concept πίστις Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 234–36.—DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πίστις

  • 2 brindar

    v.
    1 to drink a toast.
    brindar por algo/alguien to drink to something/somebody
    brindar a la salud de alguien to drink to somebody's health
    2 to offer.
    me brindó su casa he offered me the use of his house
    el ayuntamiento brindó todos los medios a su disposición the town council made available all the means at its disposal
    quiero agradecer la confianza que me brindan I would like to thank you for the confidence you are showing in me
    brindar el triunfo a alguien to dedicate one's victory to somebody
    su visita me brindó la ocasión de conocerlo mejor his visit gave me the opportunity to get to know him better
    María le ofrece comida a Ricardo Mary offers Richard food.
    3 to make a toast, to toast, to celebrate.
    * * *
    1 to toast ( por, to), drink ( por, to)
    ■ ¡brindemos por el futuro! let's drink to the future!
    1 (ofrecer) to offer, provide
    1 to offer (a, to), volunteer (a, to)
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=ofrecer) to offer, afford

    le brinda la ocasión — it gives o affords him the opportunity

    bríndame un cigarro — hum give me a cigarette

    2) (=dedicar) to dedicate (a to)
    2.
    VI

    brindar por algn/algo — to drink to sb/sth, toast sb/sth

    ¡brindemos por la unidad! — here's to unity!

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo to drink a toast

    brindar por alguien/algo — to drink a toast to somebody/something, to toast somebody/something

    2.
    1) (frml) ( proporcionar) (+ me/te/le etc) to give, to afford (frml)

    me brindó su apoyo — she gave o (frml) lent me her support

    me brindó una oportunidad única — it gave o afforded me a unique opportunity

    2) < toro> to dedicate
    3.
    brindarse v pron (frml) to volunteer

    brindarse a + inf — to offer to + inf, volunteer to + inf

    se brindó a acompañarme — he offered o volunteered to accompany me

    * * *
    = raise + Posesivo + glass, provide, offer, toast.
    Ex. And when the New Year celebrations were in full swing at the moment Britain entered the Community, how many people remember raising their glasses to Europe?.
    Ex. To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex. Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex. Mr Luo Gan and Robert Wedgeworth toasted the success of the IFLA Conference.
    ----
    * brindar por = toast, drink + toast to.
    * brindar por la salud de Alguien = drink to + Posesivo + health.
    * canción para brindar = drinking song.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo to drink a toast

    brindar por alguien/algo — to drink a toast to somebody/something, to toast somebody/something

    2.
    1) (frml) ( proporcionar) (+ me/te/le etc) to give, to afford (frml)

    me brindó su apoyo — she gave o (frml) lent me her support

    me brindó una oportunidad única — it gave o afforded me a unique opportunity

    2) < toro> to dedicate
    3.
    brindarse v pron (frml) to volunteer

    brindarse a + inf — to offer to + inf, volunteer to + inf

    se brindó a acompañarme — he offered o volunteered to accompany me

    * * *
    = raise + Posesivo + glass, provide, offer, toast.

    Ex: And when the New Year celebrations were in full swing at the moment Britain entered the Community, how many people remember raising their glasses to Europe?.

    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex: Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex: Mr Luo Gan and Robert Wedgeworth toasted the success of the IFLA Conference.
    * brindar por = toast, drink + toast to.
    * brindar por la salud de Alguien = drink to + Posesivo + health.
    * canción para brindar = drinking song.

    * * *
    brindar [A1 ]
    vi
    to drink a toast brindar POR algn/algo to toast sb/sth, to drink a toast TO sb/sth
    ■ brindar
    vt
    A ( frml) (proporcionar) (+ me/te/le etc) to afford ( frml)
    no me brindaron los medios necesarios they did not provide me with o afford me the necessary resources
    la confianza que me brindan the trust they are placing in me
    me brindó su apoyo incondicional she gave o ( frml) lent me her unconditional support
    les agradezco las atenciones que me han brindado thank you for the kindness you have shown o afforded me
    me brindó una oportunidad única it gave o offered o afforded me a unique opportunity
    la protección que les brindaba la organización the protection that the organization gave them o provided o ( frml) afforded them
    aquel bigotito le brindaba un aire anticuado that mustache gave o ( liter) lent him an old-fashioned air
    se le brindó un homenaje especial they paid special tribute to him
    B ‹toro› to dedicate
    ( frml); to volunteer brindarse A + INF to offer to + INF, volunteer to + INF
    se brindó a acompañarme he offered o volunteered to accompany me
    * * *

     

    brindar ( conjugate brindar) verbo intransitivo
    to drink a toast;
    brindar por algn/algo to drink a toast to sb/sth
    verbo transitivo (frml) ( proporcionar) to give;

    brindarse verbo pronominal (frml) brindarse a hacer algo to offer o volunteer to do sth;
    se brindó a acompañarme he offered o volunteered to accompany me
    brindar
    I verbo intransitivo to drink a toast: brindo por los novios, here's to the bride and groom
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (ofrecer) to offer, provide
    2 Taur to dedicate

    ' brindar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    beber
    - salud
    English:
    drink
    - extend
    - offer
    - raise
    - toast
    - give
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    to drink a toast;
    brindar por algo/alguien to drink to sth/sb;
    brindar a la salud de alguien to drink to sb's health
    ♦ vt
    1. [ofrecer] to offer;
    me brindó su casa he offered me the use of his house;
    el ayuntamiento brindó todos los medios a su disposición the Br town o US city council made available all the means at its disposal;
    quiero agradecer la confianza que me brindan I would like to thank you for the confidence you are showing in me;
    su visita me brindó la ocasión de conocerlo mejor his visit gave me the opportunity to get to know him better
    2. Taurom to dedicate;
    brindar el triunfo a alguien [en deportes, competiciones] to dedicate one's victory to sb
    * * *
    I v/t
    2 TAUR dedicate (a to)
    II v/i drink a toast ( por to)
    * * *
    : to drink a toast
    brindó por los vencedores: he toasted the victors
    ofrecer, proporcionar: to offer, to provide
    * * *
    1. (beber) to drink a toast [pt. drank; pp. drunk]
    2. (dar) to give [pt. gave; pp. given] / to offer

    Spanish-English dictionary > brindar

  • 3 ГЛАГОЛ

    1. ГЛАГОЛ повторяется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени, чтобы подчеркнуть непрерывность
    @ делаем и будем делать
    Мы поддерживали и будем поддерживать прифронтовые государства Африки. –
    We have always supported the front-line African states. We are continuing to support the front-line African states. We shall continue to support the front-line African states. We shall continue our support ( глагол заменяется существительным) for the front-line African states. @ не делаем и не сделаем
    Россия не ослабляет и не ослабит усилий, направленных на то, чтобы отвести от человечества военную угрозу.
    Russia will not slacken its efforts/will persist in its efforts/will continue its efforts to protect mankind from the threat of war. @ не делали и не делаем
    Переводится обязательно сложным временем.
    Мы никогда не искали и не ищем себе выгод – будь то экономические, политические или иные. – We have never sought profits/advantages for ourselves – be they economic, political, or any other kind. @ делали и делаем
    Мы предлагали и предлагаем договориться о полном запрещении ядерного оружия. –
    We are continuing to propose/continue to propose/continue to favor/we have always favored/always proposed agreement on a total nuclear weapons test ban. @ не сделали и не сделаем
    Наша страна не допустила и не допустит вмешательства в свои внутренние дела. –
    Our country has never allowed/will never allow/will continue to prevent/oppose interference in its internal affairs. @ делали и будем делать
    Мы выступали и будем выступать в их поддержку. -
    We shall continue to support them. (Лучше чем We have always supported them) @
    2. ГЛАГОЛ, повторенный через дефис
    keep \+ verb
    Я иду-иду, уже сил нет, а все еще далеко до места. – I keep/kept on going, but it is/was still a long distance to/far to the place.
    On I went,/I walked and walked, but… *** Он смотрел-смотрел, никак не мог разглядеть. – He kept on looking but/No matter how he looked he could not make it out.
    3. передача инфинитива при помощи будущего времени
    Дети есть дети. – Children will be children.
    4. повелительное наклонение
    а) в условном времени
    Приди я вовремя, ничего бы не случилось. – If I had come in time nothing would have happened.
    б) для выражения протеста против необходимости выполнять нежелательные действия
    Тебе хорошо с гостями чаи распивать, а я дома сиди. – You’re having fun drinking tea with the guests while/but I’ve got to stay home.
    Сами гулять пойдете, а я пиши. – You can/go off on your own, I’ve got to write/ I’m stuck with the writing.
    с) неожиданное или непредвиденное действие
    Он меня позвал – я споткнись, чашку разбил. – He called out to me and I stumbled and broke a cup.
    Дорога ровная – а он возьми и упади. – The road was flat/even when all of a sudden he fell.
    5. Настоящее время, описывающее серию событий в прошлом, переводится прошедшим.
    Возвращаюсь я вчера вечером домой, иду по нашей улице, вдруг слышу знакомый голос. – Last night as I was going home, walking down our street, I suddenly heard a familiar voice.
    6. Настоящее время переводится и настоящим, и будущим.
    Я уезжаю через неделю, завтра я весь день работаю, а вечером сижу дома. – I’m leaving in a week – tomorrow I’ll work/I’m working all day and in the evening I’ll be home.
    7. Совершенный вид русских глаголов, выражающих повторное действие, переводится с помощью длительного настоящего времени.
    Сегодня мне весь день мешают – то кто-нибудь придет, то телефон зазвонит. – I’m being bothered all day – people keep coming in and the phone keeps ringing.
    8. Описание характерного или привычного поведения человека.
    Он всегда прибежит, накричит, наскандалит, а потом удивляется, почему его не любят. – He’s always barging in/rushing in screaming/yelling at someone/causing trouble/insulting people/offending people/raising a row and then he wonders why/is surprised that/and then he asks why people don’t like him.
    9. В разговорных конструкциях прошедшее время от глаголов «пойти» и «поехать» передается будущим временем.
    Я пошел. – I’m about to leave.
    Я поехал, буду через два часа. – I’m off/I’ll be going/I’ll be back in two hours.
    10. Перевод конструкций типа «то, что» «чтобы»
    a) Сокращение и переосмысление
    Сложность этого эксперимента заключается в том, что он требует длительного времени. – The problem with this experiment is that it requires a lot of time.
    Утешение было только в том, что он уезжал всего на несколько дней. – The only consolation was that he would be away for long/was leaving for only a few days.
    б) использование деепричастного оборота (это идиоматичнее и короче)
    Мы начали вечер с того, что предложили всем потанцевать. – We started the party/evening by suggesting/with the suggestion that everyone dance.
    Он начал с того, что лично познакомился со всеми.- Не began by introducing himself to everyone/by getting personally acquainted with everyone.
    в) Порой «чтобы» не переводится, и время глагола определяется контекстом:
    Я не видел, чтобы он чистил зубы. - I didn't see him brush his teeth/I never saw him brush his teeth.
    Я хочу, чтобы вы меня правильно поняли. - I want you to understand me correctly/to get what I mean.
    г) to + infinitive вместо довольно неуклюжей конструкции in order to или so as to
    Я вернулся с тем, чтобы предупредить вас. - I came back to warn you.
    Я пришел не с тем, чтобы спорить с вами. - I didn't come to argue with you.
    д) Иногда можно заменить «чтобы» словами so that:
    Говори, чтобы все поняли. - Speak so that everyone understands/gets the point.
    11. Придаточные предложения, которые начинаются с «как» или с «как бы», можно перевести на английский с помощью условного наклонения или деепричастия.
    Я люблю смотреть, как он выступает. - I like watching him perform/I like to watch him perform/I like watching him performing.
    Он боялся, как бы не простудиться. - Не was afraid of catching cold/He was afraid he might/could catch cold.
    12. «He + инфинитив + бы» требует don't или see that X doesn't do Y.
    He простудиться бы! - Take care/I'll take care not to/See that you don't catch cold.
    He забыть бы его адрес! - See you don't/take care not to/be sure you don't/I mustn't/I must take care not to forget his address.
    13. перевод вида глагола
    а) Переводчик должен постоянно иметь в виду, что в английском языке используются совершенно разные глаголы для передачи смысла обоих членов одной русской видовой пары, как, например, «сделать» и «делать»
    Что же делал Бельтов в продолжение этих десяти лет? Все или почти все. Что он сделал? Ничего или почти ничего. -
    What did Beltov do during these ten years? Everything or almost everything. What did he achieve? Nothing, or almost nothing. уверить — convince решать — try to solve решить — solve. учиться — study научиться — learn отыскивать — look for отыскать — find сдавать экзамен - to take an exam сдать экзамен - to pass an exam поступать в университет - to apply to a university поступить в университет - be admitted/get into a university
    б) При переводе глаголов несовершенного вида нельзя не подчеркнуть, что речь идет о попытках говорящего или кого-то другого что-либо сделать.
    Войска брали крепость целый месяц. - The troops tried for a whole month to take the fortress.
    Я к нему долго привыкал, но наконец привык. - For a long time I tried to get used to him, and finally did. He оправдывайся! - Don't try to justify yourselfl/Don't try to make excuses!
    с)Существует также целая категория особых глаголов, у которых несовершенный вид указывает на состояние, которое является результатом завершенного действия и передается совершенным видом.
    Я «понимаю» is the result of «я понял», and note that English "I understand" translates them both. The formal pair «разобраться/разбираться» are exactly the same; the verb in «я разобрался в этом» is an achievement with the change-of-state meaning characteristic of perfectives, while the verb in «я разбираюсь в этом» signals the state resulting from the achievement. They may both be translated as / understand, but the former means / have figured out (come to understand), while the latter means I understand (as a result of having figured out). These verbs belong to a very large group of perfectives whose change of state is inceptive, whose imperfectives denote the new, resulting state: «понял, понимаю, поверил, верю, понравиться, нравиться».
    14. Перевод безличных конструкций
    а) Во множественном числе третьего лица безличную конструкцию можно переделать в пассивную:
    Посетителей просят оставить верхнюю одежду в гардеробе. -
    Visitors are requested/asked to leave/Visitors must leave/check their coats in the coatroom.
    б) Можно вставить субъект/подлежащее:
    Об этом часто приходится слышать. - I/he/we/they often hear about this.
    Чувствовалось, что он доволен. - I/we/they felt/could feel that he was pleased.
    в) В некоторых контекстах возвратные глаголы переводятся как переходные с добавлением подлежащего:
    Под вакуумом понимается пространство, не содержащее вещества. - A vacuum is defined as space/By a vacuum we mean space/The definition of a vacuum is space/A vacuum is understood to be space free from/not containing/devoid of matter.
    В данном случае сложное движение рассматривается как результат двух движений. - In this case complex movement is considered as/considered to be/we see complex movement as/we define complex movement as the result of two movements.
    г) Когда русское местоимение является дополнением безличных глаголов, то можно переделать в подлежащее/субъект.
    В ушах звенело, во рту пересохло. - His/my ears were ringing, his/my throat was dry.
    Меня неудержимо клонило в сон. - I felt an irresistible urge to sleep/I just couldn't stay awake/I felt horribly/terribly/awfully sleepy. Ее потянуло в Париж. - She felt an urge to go to Paris/Paris was calling to her/She felt like going to Paris. Мне жаль мою подругу. - I'm sorry for my girlfriend.
    15. Перевод причастий
    @ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРИЧАСТИЕ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
    1. переводится на английский глагольной формой на -ing.
    Девушка, читающая книгу, очень красива - The girl who is reading the book is very pretty.
    2. переводится с пропуском причастия, т.е. с помощью короткого оборота с предлогом и краткого придаточного предложения
    Группа, имеющая такие блестящие результаты, является гордостью нашего института. - The group with such outstanding results is the pride of our institute.
    Вопрос, выходящий за рамки данной статьи. - A matter/issue/question beyond the scope of this article.
    ***
    см. ГЛАГОЛ
    @ВОЗВРАТНАЯ ЧАСТИЦА
    обычно переводится оборотом с предлогом:
    Строящийся завод является одним из новейших в стране. - The factory under construction is one of the newest in the country.
    ***
    см. ГЛАГОЛ
    @ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЩИЙ
    можно выразить просто притяжательной формой:
    Книга, принадлежащая ей. - Her book.
    ***
    см. ГЛАГОЛ
    @СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
    1. переводятся с русского языка скорее как прилагательные, чем как причастия.
    Проводимая страной политика одобряется всем народом. - The policy pursued (not "which is being pursued") by our country has the backing/approval of the entire people.
    2. в некоторых случаях причастие можно просто опустить:
    Ясно определились позиции, занимаемые обеими сторонами по таким жизненно важным вопросам. - The positions of both sides on such vitally important questions are now clear.
    ***
    см. ГЛАГОЛ
    @
    16. Перевод деепричастий.
    а) Прошедшее время из русского языка нередко переходит в английский в качестве деепричастия.
    Мы видели, как дети купались в реке. We saw the children swimming in the river.
    б) Деепричастие настоящего времени подчас приходится переводить на английский прошедшим:
    Раза два в год бывал в Москве и, возвращаясь оттуда, рассказывал об этом. Не would visit/used to visit Moscow a couple of times a year, and after returning home/on his return home tell/would tell about it.
    в) Деепричастие прошедшего времени в некоторых случаях становится деепричастием и в настоящем:
    Сев за рояль, она заиграла вальс. - Sitting at the piano, she played a waltz.
    г) При переводе русских деепричастий бывает необходимым объяснение причинных или временных обстоятельств:
    Выслушав меня внимательно, вы быстро меня поймете. If you listen to me carefully, you'll understand quickly.
    Почувствовав голод, они решили обедать без гостей. - Because/since they were hungry, they decided to eat without/without waiting for/the guests. Переехав в собственную квартиру, он стал гораздо более самостоятельным человеком. - When/after he moved to his own apartment he became a lot more independent.
    д) В описательных деепричастных оборотах можно заменить деепричастие конструкцией «with + имя существительное»:
    Он сидел, закрыв глаза. - Не sat/was sitting with his eyes closed.
    «Это очень смешно!» — сказал он, засмеявшись. "That's very funny," he said with a laugh.
    е) Так называемые «безличные» деепричастия, которые часто встречаются в Русских технических текстах, иногда заменяются существительными или перед ними вставляется предлог.
    Используя эти данные, можно приближенно предсказать процесс. - Use of this data allows us to make an approximate prediction of the process/By using this data, we can make...
    Изучая эту таблицу, легко видеть, что... - Study of this table makes it clear that.../In studying this table we clearly see that…
    17. Сокращение глагольных конструкций
    Подчас русское словосочетание выражается одним английским глаголом. Смысл передается при помощи приставки или суффикса en-, un-, -ize, -ate.
    утверждать то, что оказалось чистейшей чепухой – to talk utter nonsense
    располагать в алфавитном порядке – to alphabetize заставить грубой силой – to bludgeon приводить в систему, распределять по категориям – list, categorize лишать законной силы – to invalidate выводить из строя – to incapacitate поймать в ловушку – to entrap

    Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ГЛАГОЛ

  • 4 impulso

    m.
    1 impulse (physics).
    2 momentum (empuje).
    tomar impulso to take a run-up
    3 stimulus, boost.
    la medida supondrá un impulso al consumo the measure will boost consumption
    dar impulso a una iniciativa to encourage o promote an initiative
    4 impulse, urge.
    un impulso me hizo gritar a sudden impulse made me shout
    mi primer impulso fue marcharme my first instinct was to leave
    5 pulse.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: impulsar.
    * * *
    1 impulse
    2 (fuerza, velocidad) momentum
    \
    actuar por impulso to act on an impulse
    tomar impulso to take a run-up
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=empuje)

    coger o tomar impulso — to gather momentum

    2) (=estímulo) boost
    3) (=deseo instintivo) impulse

    impulso sexual — sexual urge, sex drive

    4) (Fís, Fisiol) impulse
    * * *
    a) ( empuje)

    tomar or darse impulso — to gather momentum, to get up speed

    b) (reacción, deseo) impulse

    mi primer impulso fue... — my first instinct was...

    * * *
    = drive, force, impetus, thrust, push, impulse, momentum, urge, kick-start [kickstart], burst, jump-start [jumpstart].
    Ex. Hierarchical bibliometry would act as a positive drive to support the authorship requirements now stipulated by some international editorial committees.
    Ex. Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.
    Ex. The original impetus has been diverted into specific applications.
    Ex. The National IT plan proposes 7 building blocks each with a strategic thrust which will serve as the overall impetus for the national IT movement.
    Ex. The key issue to note here is that the global push to describe and document Indigenous knowledge is gaining momentum.
    Ex. The impulse to learn is a ruling passion in very few people; in most of us it is so weak that a frowning aspect can discourage it.
    Ex. They were splendid starters of projects but like so many bibliographers poor sustainers of momentum.
    Ex. The urge to mechanize paper-making came at first as much from the papermakers' desire to free themselves from dependence upon their skilled but rebellious workmen as from the pursuit of production economies.
    Ex. That would be a great kick-start to raising awareness of IFLA 2002.
    Ex. Fueled by inspiration, coffee and Benzedrine, Kerouac sat down at his typewriter and -- in one burst of creative energy -- wrote the novel that would make him the voice of his generation in just 20 days.
    Ex. No hospital creates a healthier community all by itself but it can give its neighbors a jump-start.
    ----
    * actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.
    * cobrar impulso = gain + strength.
    * dar un impulso = kick-start [kickstart].
    * dar un nuevo impulso = pep up.
    * impulso básico = primitive urge.
    * impulso eléctrico = electrical impulse.
    * impulso primitivo = primitive urge.
    * resistir un impulso = resist + impulse.
    * sentir un impulso = have + an impulse.
    * un nuevo impulso = a new lease of life.
    * * *
    a) ( empuje)

    tomar or darse impulso — to gather momentum, to get up speed

    b) (reacción, deseo) impulse

    mi primer impulso fue... — my first instinct was...

    * * *
    = drive, force, impetus, thrust, push, impulse, momentum, urge, kick-start [kickstart], burst, jump-start [jumpstart].

    Ex: Hierarchical bibliometry would act as a positive drive to support the authorship requirements now stipulated by some international editorial committees.

    Ex: Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.
    Ex: The original impetus has been diverted into specific applications.
    Ex: The National IT plan proposes 7 building blocks each with a strategic thrust which will serve as the overall impetus for the national IT movement.
    Ex: The key issue to note here is that the global push to describe and document Indigenous knowledge is gaining momentum.
    Ex: The impulse to learn is a ruling passion in very few people; in most of us it is so weak that a frowning aspect can discourage it.
    Ex: They were splendid starters of projects but like so many bibliographers poor sustainers of momentum.
    Ex: The urge to mechanize paper-making came at first as much from the papermakers' desire to free themselves from dependence upon their skilled but rebellious workmen as from the pursuit of production economies.
    Ex: That would be a great kick-start to raising awareness of IFLA 2002.
    Ex: Fueled by inspiration, coffee and Benzedrine, Kerouac sat down at his typewriter and -- in one burst of creative energy -- wrote the novel that would make him the voice of his generation in just 20 days.
    Ex: No hospital creates a healthier community all by itself but it can give its neighbors a jump-start.
    * actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.
    * cobrar impulso = gain + strength.
    * dar un impulso = kick-start [kickstart].
    * dar un nuevo impulso = pep up.
    * impulso básico = primitive urge.
    * impulso eléctrico = electrical impulse.
    * impulso primitivo = primitive urge.
    * resistir un impulso = resist + impulse.
    * sentir un impulso = have + an impulse.
    * un nuevo impulso = a new lease of life.

    * * *
    1
    (empuje): un fuerte impulso para el comercio a major boost for trade
    queremos dar un nuevo impulso a la iniciativa we want to give fresh impetus to the initiative
    la organización fue creada bajo el impulso del doctor Pascual Dr Pascual was the driving force behind the creation of the organization
    se fue para atrás para coger or darse impulso he moved back to gather momentum o to get up speed
    2 (reacción) impulse
    actuó por impulso he acted on impulse
    mi primer impulso fue irme my first instinct was to leave
    no pude resistir el impulso de tocarlo I couldn't resist touching it o the urge to touch it
    sentí el impulso de besarlo I had a sudden urge o impulse to kiss him
    3 ( Fís) impulse
    * * *

     

    Del verbo impulsar: ( conjugate impulsar)

    impulso es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    impulsó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    impulsar    
    impulso
    impulsar ( conjugate impulsar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹motor/vehículo› to propel, drive

    b) ‹ persona› to drive

    c) ‹comercio, producción› to boost, give a boost to;

    ‹cultura/relaciones› to promote
    impulso sustantivo masculino
    a) ( empuje):


    dar impulso a algo ( a comercio) to give a boost to sth;

    ( a iniciativa) to give impetus to sth;
    tomar or darse impulso to gather momentum, to get up speed
    b) (reacción, deseo) impulse;

    ◊ mi primer impulso fue … my first instinct was …

    c) (Fís) impulse

    impulsar verbo transitivo
    1 to impel, drive: el viento impulsa la cometa, the kite is driven by the wind
    2 (estimular) to motivate: sus palabras de ánimo me impulsaron a seguir, his words of encouragement inspired me to go on
    impulso sustantivo masculino
    1 (fuerza) impulse, thrust
    Med impulso nervioso, nerve impulse
    2 (deseo) urge, impulse: sentí el impulso de besarle, I felt the urge to kiss him
    ♦ Locuciones: Dep tomar impulso, to take a run up
    ' impulso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    coger
    - corazonada
    - frenar
    - rapto
    - repente
    - reprimir
    - resistir
    - resistirse
    - retener
    - trampolín
    - móvil
    - tentación
    English:
    check
    - impetus
    - impulse
    - prompt
    - urge
    - drive
    - lift
    * * *
    1. Fís impulse
    2. [empuje] momentum;
    llevaba tanto impulso que no pudo detenerse he was going so fast that he couldn't stop;
    tomar impulso [tomar carrerilla] to take a Br run-up o US running start;
    esta nueva tendencia está tomando mucho impulso this new tendency is gaining momentum
    3. [estímulo] stimulus, boost;
    la medida supondrá un impulso al consumo the measure will boost consumption;
    dar impulso a una iniciativa to encourage o promote an initiative
    4. [deseo, reacción] impulse, urge;
    un impulso me hizo gritar a sudden impulse made me shout;
    mi primer impulso fue marcharme my first instinct was to leave;
    sentir el impulso de hacer algo to feel the urge to do sth;
    * * *
    m
    1 ( arrebato) impulse
    2 ( empuje) impetus; COM boost; fig
    urge, impulse;
    tomar impulso take a run up
    * * *
    1) : drive, thrust
    2) : impulse, urge
    * * *
    1. (deseo) impulse / urge
    2. (estímulo) boost
    tomar impulso to take a run up [pt. took; pp. taken]

    Spanish-English dictionary > impulso

  • 5 propio

    adj.
    1 own.
    2 one's own.
    3 very, same, self-same, selfsame.
    4 proper, right on.
    5 of one's own, of my own, of our own, of his own.
    * * *
    2 (indicado) proper, appropriate
    4 (mismo - él) himself; (- ella) herself; (- cosa, animal) itself; (- en plural) themselves
    * * *
    (f. - propia)
    adj.
    1) own
    3) self
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [uso enfático]
    a) [con posesivos] own
    b) (=mismo)

    • hacer lo propio — to do the same, follow suit

    • al propio tiempo — at the same time

    c)

    • al propio — CAm on purpose

    • de propio — especially

    2) [indicando posesión] own

    ¿tiene coche propio? — do you have your own car?

    3) (=característico)

    • propio de algo/algn — typical of sth/sb

    4) (=inconfundible) all (of) its own
    5) (=adecuado) suitable

    • propio para algo — suitable for sth

    6) (=correcto) strict, true
    7) Esp
    * (=parecido)

    has salido muy propio en ese retrato — that portrait of you is a good likeness, that portrait looks really like you

    8) esp Méx, CAm

    - con su permiso -propio — "excuse me" - "certainly"

    2. SM
    1) (=mensajero) messenger
    2)

    • propios y extraños — all and sundry

    * * *
    - pia adjetivo
    1)

    ¿tu piso es propio o alquilado? — do you own your flat or is it rented?

    c) ( no postizo) real
    2) (característico, típico)

    propio DE algo/alguien: esa actitud es muy propio de él that kind of attitude is very typical of him; costumbres propias de los países orientales — customs characteristic of oriental countries

    3)

    propio PARA algo — (adecuado, idóneo) suitable for something

    * * *
    - pia adjetivo
    1)

    ¿tu piso es propio o alquilado? — do you own your flat or is it rented?

    c) ( no postizo) real
    2) (característico, típico)

    propio DE algo/alguien: esa actitud es muy propio de él that kind of attitude is very typical of him; costumbres propias de los países orientales — customs characteristic of oriental countries

    3)

    propio PARA algo — (adecuado, idóneo) suitable for something

    * * *
    propio1
    1 = home-grown [home grown/homegrown], of its own, own, of + Posesivo + own, self, distinctive.

    Ex: Most media centers have not used AACR in the past but have followed their own home-grown rules.

    Ex: The document has no title of its own.
    Ex: The command function 'OWN' serves to use a system's own command when the general system, in this case EURONET, does not cater for a specialised function available on a particular system.
    Ex: There is also a scheme afoot to help services create specialized data bases of their own using ECLAS norms.
    Ex: In the public library grand tradition this was patently the self image of the educated middle class.
    Ex: In addition to main or added entries under titles added entries are often also made in respect of distinctive series titles.
    * a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * al propio ritmo de Uno = in + Posesivo + own time, at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * amor propio = self-esteem [self esteem], pride.
    * ante + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.
    * aprender a su propio ritmo = learn at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * asuntos propios = personal business.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * bar que elabora su propia cerveza = brew pub.
    * característica propia = trademark.
    * cavarse su propia tumba = another nail in + Posesivo + coffin.
    * con financiación propia = self-funded.
    * con sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own words.
    * contar + Posesivo + propia vida y milagros = spill + Posesivo + guts.
    * decidir por cuenta propia = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].
    * defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].
    * delante de + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.
    * de la propia comunidad = community-owned.
    * de la propia empresa = company-owned.
    * demasiado + Adjetivo + para su propio bien = too + Adjetivo + for + Posesivo + own good.
    * de + Posesivo + propia boca = straight from the horse's mouth.
    * de propia cosecha = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].
    * dinero propio = private means.
    * en beneficio propio = to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * encontrar su propio modo de actuar = find + Posesivo + own way.
    * en el propio campus universitario = campus-based.
    * en el propio cortijo = on-farm.
    * en la propia finca = on-farm.
    * en la propia granja = on-farm.
    * en la propia habitación = ensuite.
    * en las propias palabras de uno mismo = in + Posesivo + own words.
    * en + Posesivo + propio beneficio = to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * hacer Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.
    * hecho por la propia biblioteca = in-house [inhouse].
    * hundirse por su propio peso = sink under + its own weight.
    * material editado por el propio autor = self-published material.
    * montar + Posesivo + propio negocio = set + Reflexivo + up in business.
    * muy propio = highly distinctive.
    * nombre propio = forename, proper name.
    * organizar Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.
    * pagarse + Posesivo + propios gastos = pay + Posesivo + own way.
    * para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.
    * patrocinado por la propia empresa = company-sponsored.
    * persona de la propia empresa = insider.
    * por cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por decisión propia = by choice.
    * por elección propia = by choice.
    * por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.
    * por propia iniciativa = self-directed.
    * por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * propio de = germane to.
    * propio de espías = cloak-and-dagger.
    * propio del sistema = built-in.
    * propio de niña = girlish.
    * propio de niño = boyish.
    * propio de un caballero = gentlemanlike.
    * propio estilo = house style.
    * propios ingresos = earned income.
    * que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.
    * recogida en su propia puerta = kerbside collection, curbside collection.
    * restablecer + Posesivo + propia identidad = re-establish + Posesivo + own identity.
    * revista editada por la propia institución = house journal.
    * según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.
    * ser la propia responsabilidad de Alguien = be of + Posesivo + own making.
    * ser propio de = be proper of.
    * tirar piedras contra tu propio tejado = cut + the branch + you sit on, cut off + Posesivo + nose to spite + Posesivo + face.
    * tirarse piedras contra el propio tejado = shoot + Reflexivo + in the foot.
    * todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.
    * tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de asuntos propios = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.
    * tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off work.
    * trabajar al propio ritmo de Uno = work at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * tragarse el amor propio = swallow + Posesivo + pride.
    * uso público en la propia biblioteca = in-library use.
    * vencer a Alguien en su propio terreno = beat + Nombre + at + Posesivo + own game.

    propio2
    2 = proper, beffiting.

    Ex: With proper authorization, you may request information about the status of the copies displayed.

    Ex: Since I write in English I should really refer to the city as Florence, but Firenze is such a phonically beautiful sounding word, far more befitting of the beautiful Italian city.

    * * *
    A
    se necesita viajante con vehículo propio salesman with own car required
    tienen piscina propia they have their own swimming pool
    tengo mis propios problemas I've got problems of my own, I've got my own problems
    salió de la clínica por su propio pie she walked out of the clinic, she left the clinic under her own steam
    lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes
    3
    (verdadero, no artificial): la barba parece propia his beard looks real
    no es permanente, los rizos son propios it's not a perm, her hair is naturally curly
    B (característico, típico) propio DE algo/algn:
    es una enfermedad propia de la edad it's a common illness in older people o among the elderly
    ese desdén es muy propio de él that kind of disdainful attitude is very typical of him
    son costumbres propias de los países orientales these are characteristic customs of oriental countries
    su comportamiento es propio de un loco he behaves like a madman, his behavior is fitting of o befits a madman ( liter)
    C propio PARA algo (adecuado, idóneo) suitable FOR sth
    es un vestido muy propio para la ocasión it's a very suitable dress for the occasion, the dress is just right for the occasion
    este no es lugar propio para una conversación seria this is not a suitable o an appropriate o the right place for a serious conversation
    D
    (mismo): fue el propio presidente it was the president himself
    debe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida it must be the person concerned who makes the request
    el propio Juan se llevó una sorpresa even Juan himself got a surprise
    2
    lo propio the same
    el presidente abandonó la sala y minutos después hizo lo propio el vicepresidente the president left the room and minutes later the vice president did the same
    ( Esp)
    messenger
    propios y extraños all and sundry
    * * *

     

    propio
    ◊ - pia adjetivo

    1

    ◊ ¿es propio o alquilado? is it your own or is it rented?;

    tienen piscina propia they have their own swimming pool


    todo lo hace en beneficio propio everything he does is for his own gain;
    lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes
    2 (característico, típico):

    una enfermedad propia de la vejez an illness common among old people;
    no es un comportamiento propio de una señorita it's not ladylike behaviour
    3 ( delante del n) ( mismo):

    debe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida it must be the person concerned who makes the request
    propio,-a adjetivo
    1 (posesión) own: tiene su propio apartamento, he has his own apartment
    2 (adecuado) suitable, appropriate: ese vestido no es propio para la fiesta, that dress is not suitable for the party
    3 (característico) typical, peculiar
    el clima propio de la región, the typical weather for the area
    4 (intensificador) (hombre) himself
    (mujer) herself
    (animal, cosa) itself: se lo dijo el propio presidente, the President himself told her so
    ' propio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bolsillo
    - cacarear
    - chalet
    - comodidad
    - femenina
    - femenino
    - gustar
    - infantil
    - masculina
    - masculino
    - monte
    - peculiar
    - propia
    - provecho
    - vileza
    - amor
    - campo
    - correspondiente
    - fray
    - hispanismo
    - interés
    - pie
    - santo
    - tiempo
    English:
    benefit
    - brain
    - epitaph
    - grind
    - higher-up
    - homegrown
    - interest
    - ladylike
    - nourish
    - ostracize
    - own
    - private
    - proper noun
    - right
    - self-esteem
    - self-respect
    - sisterly
    - specific
    - transport
    - very
    - disown
    - drive-in
    - ego
    - for
    - proper
    - purpose
    - sake
    - self
    * * *
    propio, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [en propiedad] own;
    tiene coche propio she has a car of her own, she has her own car;
    se requiere vehículo propio [en anuncio laboral] own car required
    2. [de la misma persona]
    lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own eyes;
    me lo dijo en mi propia cara he said it to my face;
    actuó en defensa propia she acted in self-defence;
    por tu propio bien for your own good
    3. [peculiar]
    propio de typical o characteristic of;
    el monzón es propio de esta época the monsoon is characteristic of this season;
    es muy propio de él llegar tarde it's absolutely typical of him to arrive late;
    no es propio de él it's not like him
    4. [adecuado] suitable, right ( para for);
    recitó un poema propio para la ocasión she recited a suitable poem for the occasion
    5. [correcto] proper, true
    6. [en persona] himself, f herself;
    el propio compositor the composer himself
    7. [semejante] true to life;
    en ese retrato quedaste muy propio that portrait is a very good likeness of you
    8. Gram proper
    9.
    lo propio [lo mismo] the same;
    Elena se retiró a descansar y su compañero hizo lo propio Elena went to have a rest and her companion did the same
    ♦ nmpl
    a propios y extraños all and sundry;
    ♦ de propio loc adv
    [expresamente]
    fui de propio a la ciudad para verla I went to the city just to see her
    * * *
    adj
    1 (de uno mismo) own
    2 ( característico) characteristic (de of), typical (de of)
    3 ( adecuado) suitable ( para for);
    hacer lo propio do the right o appropriate thing
    4
    :
    la propia directora the director herself
    * * *
    propio, - pia adj
    1) : own
    su propia casa: his own house
    sus recursos propios: their own resources
    2) apropiado: appropriate, suitable
    3) característico: characteristic, typical
    4) mismo: oneself
    el propio director: the director himself
    * * *
    propio adj
    2. (mismo) himself / herself

    Spanish-English dictionary > propio

  • 6 ГЛАГОЛ

    1. ГЛАГОЛ повторяется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени, чтобы подчеркнуть непрерывность
    - делаем и будем делать
    - не делаем и не сделаем
    - не делали и не делаем
    - делали и делаем
    - не сделали и не сделаем
    - делали и будем делать
    2. ГЛАГОЛ, повторенный через дефис
    keep + verb
    Я иду-иду, уже сил нет, а все еще далеко до места. – I keep/kept on going, but it is/was still a long distance to/far to the place.
    On I went,/I walked and walked, but… *** Он смотрел-смотрел, никак не мог разглядеть. – He kept on looking but/No matter how he looked he could not make it out.
    3. передача инфинитива при помощи будущего времени
    Дети есть дети. – Children will be children.
    4. повелительное наклонение
    а) в условном времени
    Приди я вовремя, ничего бы не случилось. – If I had come in time nothing would have happened.
    б) для выражения протеста против необходимости выполнять нежелательные действия
    Тебе хорошо с гостями чаи распивать, а я дома сиди. – You’re having fun drinking tea with the guests while/but I’ve got to stay home.
    Сами гулять пойдете, а я пиши. – You can/go off on your own, I’ve got to write/ I’m stuck with the writing.
    с) неожиданное или непредвиденное действие
    Он меня позвал – я споткнись, чашку разбил. – He called out to me and I stumbled and broke a cup.
    Дорога ровная – а он возьми и упади. – The road was flat/even when all of a sudden he fell.
    5. Настоящее время, описывающее серию событий в прошлом, переводится прошедшим.
    Возвращаюсь я вчера вечером домой, иду по нашей улице, вдруг слышу знакомый голос. – Last night as I was going home, walking down our street, I suddenly heard a familiar voice.
    6. Настоящее время переводится и настоящим, и будущим.
    Я уезжаю через неделю, завтра я весь день работаю, а вечером сижу дома. – I’m leaving in a week – tomorrow I’ll work/I’m working all day and in the evening I’ll be home.
    7. Совершенный вид русских глаголов, выражающих повторное действие, переводится с помощью длительного настоящего времени.
    Сегодня мне весь день мешают – то кто-нибудь придет, то телефон зазвонит. – I’m being bothered all day – people keep coming in and the phone keeps ringing.
    8. Описание характерного или привычного поведения человека.
    Он всегда прибежит, накричит, наскандалит, а потом удивляется, почему его не любят. – He’s always barging in/rushing in screaming/yelling at someone/causing trouble/insulting people/offending people/raising a row and then he wonders why/is surprised that/and then he asks why people don’t like him.
    9. В разговорных конструкциях прошедшее время от глаголов «пойти» и «поехать» передается будущим временем.
    Я пошел. – I’m about to leave.
    Я поехал, буду через два часа. – I’m off/I’ll be going/I’ll be back in two hours.
    10. Перевод конструкций типа «то, что» «чтобы»
    a) Сокращение и переосмысление
    Сложность этого эксперимента заключается в том, что он требует длительного времени. – The problem with this experiment is that it requires a lot of time.
    Утешение было только в том, что он уезжал всего на несколько дней. – The only consolation was that he would be away for long/was leaving for only a few days.
    б) использование деепричастного оборота (это идиоматичнее и короче)
    Мы начали вечер с того, что предложили всем потанцевать. – We started the party/evening by suggesting/with the suggestion that everyone dance.
    Он начал с того, что лично познакомился со всеми.- Не began by introducing himself to everyone/by getting personally acquainted with everyone.
    в) Порой «чтобы» не переводится, и время глагола определяется контекстом:
    Я не видел, чтобы он чистил зубы. - I didn't see him brush his teeth/I never saw him brush his teeth.
    Я хочу, чтобы вы меня правильно поняли. - I want you to understand me correctly/to get what I mean.
    г) to + infinitive вместо довольно неуклюжей конструкции in order to или so as to
    Я вернулся с тем, чтобы предупредить вас. - I came back to warn you.
    Я пришел не с тем, чтобы спорить с вами. - I didn't come to argue with you.
    д) Иногда можно заменить «чтобы» словами so that:
    Говори, чтобы все поняли. - Speak so that everyone understands/gets the point.
    11. Придаточные предложения, которые начинаются с «как» или с «как бы», можно перевести на английский с помощью условного наклонения или деепричастия.
    Я люблю смотреть, как он выступает. - I like watching him perform/I like to watch him perform/I like watching him performing.
    Он боялся, как бы не простудиться. - Не was afraid of catching cold/He was afraid he might/could catch cold.
    12. «He + инфинитив + бы» требует don't или see that X doesn't do Y.
    He простудиться бы! - Take care/I'll take care not to/See that you don't catch cold.
    He забыть бы его адрес! - See you don't/take care not to/be sure you don't/I mustn't/I must take care not to forget his address.
    13. перевод вида глагола
    а) Переводчик должен постоянно иметь в виду, что в английском языке используются совершенно разные глаголы для передачи смысла обоих членов одной русской видовой пары, как, например, «сделать» и «делать»
    Что же делал Бельтов в продолжение этих десяти лет? Все или почти все. Что он сделал? Ничего или почти ничего. -
    What did Beltov do during these ten years? Everything or almost everything. What did he achieve? Nothing, or almost nothing. уверить — convince решать — try to solve решить — solve. учиться — study научиться — learn отыскивать — look for отыскать — find сдавать экзамен - to take an exam сдать экзамен - to pass an exam поступать в университет - to apply to a university поступить в университет - be admitted/get into a university
    б) При переводе глаголов несовершенного вида нельзя не подчеркнуть, что речь идет о попытках говорящего или кого-то другого что-либо сделать.
    Войска брали крепость целый месяц. - The troops tried for a whole month to take the fortress.
    Я к нему долго привыкал, но наконец привык. - For a long time I tried to get used to him, and finally did. He оправдывайся! - Don't try to justify yourselfl/Don't try to make excuses!
    с)Существует также целая категория особых глаголов, у которых несовершенный вид указывает на состояние, которое является результатом завершенного действия и передается совершенным видом.
    Я «понимаю» is the result of «я понял», and note that English "I understand" translates them both. The formal pair «разобраться/разбираться» are exactly the same; the verb in «я разобрался в этом» is an achievement with the change-of-state meaning characteristic of perfectives, while the verb in «я разбираюсь в этом» signals the state resulting from the achievement. They may both be translated as / understand, but the former means / have figured out (come to understand), while the latter means I understand (as a result of having figured out). These verbs belong to a very large group of perfectives whose change of state is inceptive, whose imperfectives denote the new, resulting state: «понял, понимаю, поверил, верю, понравиться, нравиться».
    14. Перевод безличных конструкций
    а) Во множественном числе третьего лица безличную конструкцию можно переделать в пассивную:
    Посетителей просят оставить верхнюю одежду в гардеробе. -
    Visitors are requested/asked to leave/Visitors must leave/check their coats in the coatroom.
    б) Можно вставить субъект/подлежащее:
    Об этом часто приходится слышать. - I/he/we/they often hear about this.
    Чувствовалось, что он доволен. - I/we/they felt/could feel that he was pleased.
    в) В некоторых контекстах возвратные глаголы переводятся как переходные с добавлением подлежащего:
    Под вакуумом понимается пространство, не содержащее вещества. - A vacuum is defined as space/By a vacuum we mean space/The definition of a vacuum is space/A vacuum is understood to be space free from/not containing/devoid of matter.
    В данном случае сложное движение рассматривается как результат двух движений. - In this case complex movement is considered as/considered to be/we see complex movement as/we define complex movement as the result of two movements.
    г) Когда русское местоимение является дополнением безличных глаголов, то можно переделать в подлежащее/субъект.
    В ушах звенело, во рту пересохло. - His/my ears were ringing, his/my throat was dry.
    Меня неудержимо клонило в сон. - I felt an irresistible urge to sleep/I just couldn't stay awake/I felt horribly/terribly/awfully sleepy. Ее потянуло в Париж. - She felt an urge to go to Paris/Paris was calling to her/She felt like going to Paris. Мне жаль мою подругу. - I'm sorry for my girlfriend.
    15. Перевод причастий
    - ВОЗВРАТНАЯ ЧАСТИЦА
    - ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЩИЙ
    - СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
    16. Перевод деепричастий.
    а) Прошедшее время из русского языка нередко переходит в английский в качестве деепричастия.
    Мы видели, как дети купались в реке. We saw the children swimming in the river.
    б) Деепричастие настоящего времени подчас приходится переводить на английский прошедшим:
    Раза два в год бывал в Москве и, возвращаясь оттуда, рассказывал об этом. Не would visit/used to visit Moscow a couple of times a year, and after returning home/on his return home tell/would tell about it.
    в) Деепричастие прошедшего времени в некоторых случаях становится деепричастием и в настоящем:
    Сев за рояль, она заиграла вальс. - Sitting at the piano, she played a waltz.
    г) При переводе русских деепричастий бывает необходимым объяснение причинных или временных обстоятельств:
    Выслушав меня внимательно, вы быстро меня поймете. If you listen to me carefully, you'll understand quickly.
    Почувствовав голод, они решили обедать без гостей. - Because/since they were hungry, they decided to eat without/without waiting for/the guests. Переехав в собственную квартиру, он стал гораздо более самостоятельным человеком. - When/after he moved to his own apartment he became a lot more independent.
    д) В описательных деепричастных оборотах можно заменить деепричастие конструкцией «with + имя существительное»:
    Он сидел, закрыв глаза. - Не sat/was sitting with his eyes closed.
    «Это очень смешно!» — сказал он, засмеявшись. "That's very funny," he said with a laugh.
    е) Так называемые «безличные» деепричастия, которые часто встречаются в Русских технических текстах, иногда заменяются существительными или перед ними вставляется предлог.
    Используя эти данные, можно приближенно предсказать процесс. - Use of this data allows us to make an approximate prediction of the process/By using this data, we can make...
    Изучая эту таблицу, легко видеть, что... - Study of this table makes it clear that.../In studying this table we clearly see that…
    17. Сокращение глагольных конструкций
    Подчас русское словосочетание выражается одним английским глаголом. Смысл передается при помощи приставки или суффикса en-, un-, -ize, -ate.
    утверждать то, что оказалось чистейшей чепухой – to talk utter nonsense
    располагать в алфавитном порядке – to alphabetize заставить грубой силой – to bludgeon приводить в систему, распределять по категориям – list, categorize лишать законной силы – to invalidate выводить из строя – to incapacitate поймать в ловушку – to entrap

    Русско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > ГЛАГОЛ

  • 7 obstáculo

    m.
    obstacle, drag, snag, balk.
    * * *
    1 (barrera) obstacle
    2 (inconveniente) objection
    3 (valla) fence, jump
    \
    salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacle
    carrera de obstáculos (para niños) obstacle race 2 (de caballos, atletas) steeplechase
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) [físico] obstacle
    carrera 2)
    2) (=dificultad) obstacle, hindrance

    poner obstáculos a algo/algn — to hinder sth/sb

    * * *
    masculino obstacle

    superar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle

    no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning

    * * *
    = encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.
    Ex. Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.
    Ex. A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.
    Ex. Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.
    Ex. A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.
    Ex. It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex. But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.
    Ex. In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.
    Ex. While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.
    Ex. A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.
    Ex. The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.
    Ex. Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.
    Ex. This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.
    Ex. Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.
    Ex. These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.
    Ex. Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex. The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.
    Ex. The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.
    Ex. Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.
    ----
    * ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.
    * constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.
    * creación de obstáculos = fence building.
    * eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.
    * encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.
    * enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.
    * obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.
    * obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].
    * poner obstáculos = cramp.
    * preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.
    * presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.
    * ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).
    * sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.
    * sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.
    * sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.
    * superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.
    * vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.
    * * *
    masculino obstacle

    superar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle

    no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning

    * * *
    = encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.

    Ex: Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.

    Ex: A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.
    Ex: Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.
    Ex: A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.
    Ex: It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex: But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.
    Ex: In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.
    Ex: While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.
    Ex: A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.
    Ex: The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.
    Ex: Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.
    Ex: This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.
    Ex: Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.
    Ex: These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.
    Ex: Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.
    Ex: The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.
    Ex: The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.
    Ex: Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.
    * ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.
    * constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.
    * creación de obstáculos = fence building.
    * eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.
    * eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.
    * encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.
    * enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.
    * obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.
    * obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].
    * poner obstáculos = cramp.
    * preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.
    * presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.
    * remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.
    * ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).
    * sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.
    * sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.
    * sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.
    * superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.
    * vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.

    * * *
    obstacle
    quitaron los obstáculos del camino they cleared the obstacles from the road, they cleared the road of obstacles
    superar or salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacle
    no fue obstáculo para que ganara it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning
    me puso muchos obstáculos he put many obstacles in my path
    el único obstáculo entre nosotros y la victoria the only obstacle between us and victory, the only thing that stands/stood between us and victory
    un obstáculo para el éxito del proyecto an obstacle to the success of the project
    * * *

    obstáculo sustantivo masculino
    obstacle
    obstáculo sustantivo masculino
    1 (dificultad) handicap: no hay ningún obstáculo para que estudies Derecho, there's nothing stopping you from studying Law
    2 (en un camino, etc) obstacle
    una carrera de obstáculos, an obstacle race
    ' obstáculo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escollo
    - esquivar
    - estorbo
    - franquear
    - insalvable
    - remover
    - salvar
    - sortear
    - vencer
    - allanar
    - apartar
    - brincar
    - chocar
    - eliminar
    - encontrar
    - saltar
    - subsanar
    English:
    bar
    - barrier
    - block
    - chief
    - clash
    - clear
    - get across
    - get over
    - get past
    - hazard
    - hurdle
    - impassable
    - impediment
    - jump
    - negotiate
    - obstacle
    - obstruction
    - pitfall
    * * *
    1. [impedimento] obstacle ( para to);
    poner obstáculos a algo/alguien to put obstacles in the way of sth/sb
    2. [en una carrera] hurdle
    * * *
    m obstacle;
    carrera de obstáculos obstacle race;
    ponerle obstáculos a alguien make things difficult for s.o.;
    ponerle obstáculos a algo make sth difficult
    * * *
    impedimento: obstacle
    * * *
    obstáculo n obstacle

    Spanish-English dictionary > obstáculo

  • 8 levantar

    v.
    1 to raise.
    levantar algo del suelo to pick something up off the ground
    levantar a alguien del suelo to help somebody up off the ground
    levantar a alguien de la cama to get somebody out of bed
    levantar la vista o mirada to look up
    levantar el ánimo to cheer up
    Ellos levantan la columna They raise the column.
    2 to remove (quitar) (pintura, venda, tapa).
    3 to build, to raise (to build) (edificio, muro).
    5 to stir up (provocar) (protestas, polémica).
    levantar a alguien contra to stir somebody up against
    6 to lift (suprimir) (embargo, prohibición).
    levantar el castigo a alguien to let somebody off
    7 to bring to an end (sesión) (terminar).
    si no hay más preguntas, se levanta la sesión if there are no more questions, that ends the meeting (en reunión)
    8 to draw up (redactar) (acta, atestado).
    9 to pinch, to swipe (informal) (robar).
    10 to wake up.
    11 to stir to rebellion.
    La injusticia levanta a las masas Injustice stirs the masses to rebellion.
    12 to lift up, to lift off, to lift, to elevate.
    Ellos levantaron el auto They lifted up the car.
    13 to suspend, to adjourn.
    Ellos levantaron la sesión They suspended the session.
    14 to construct, to build.
    Ellos levantaron un rancho They constructed a ranch.
    15 to cheer up, to bolster up.
    16 to bear up, to put up, to upbear.
    Ellos levantaron el estandarte They bore up the banner.
    * * *
    1 (alzar) to raise, lift
    ■ no lo puedo levantar, pesa mucho I can't lift it, it's heavy
    ■ que levanten la mano los que quieran venir all those who want to come, raise their hands
    2 (construir) to erect, build
    3 (empresa - hacer rentable) to get off the ground; (- establecer) to set up
    4 (despegar) to loosen, unstick
    5 (suprimir) to lift
    6 (cadáver) to remove
    7 (causar) to cause
    8 (trazar, dibujar) to draw
    9 (animal de caza) to flush out
    1 (día) to brighten up; (nubes) to clear
    ■ si el día levanta, iremos a la playa if the weather brightens up, we'll go to the beach
    1 (alzarse) to rise
    2 (ponerse de pie) to stand up
    3 (dejar la cama) to get up, get out of bed
    4 (sublevarse) to rebel, rise up
    5 (viento, oleaje) to get up
    \
    levantar el campamento to strike camp
    levantar falsos testimonios contra alguien to bear false witness against somebody
    levantar la moral a alguien to cheer somebody up, raise somebody's spirits
    levantar la vista to look up
    levantar la voz to raise one's voice
    levantarse con el pie izquierdo figurado to get out of bed on the wrong side
    se levanta la sesión court adjourned
    * * *
    verb
    1) to lift, raise
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=alzar)
    a) [+ peso, objeto] to lift; [con una grúa] to hoist

    ¿puedes levantar un poco la silla? — can you lift the chair up a bit?

    b) [+ pierna, cabeza, cejas] to raise

    • levantar la mano — to put one's hand up, raise one's hand

    levantó la mano para pedir la vez — she put her hand up o raised her hand to ask for a turn

    • levantar la mirada o los ojos o la vista — to look up

    si su mujer levantara la cabeza y lo viera casado otra vez se volvería a morir — his wife would turn in her grave to see him married again

    cabeza 1., 2), tapa 1)
    c) [+ cortina, falda] to lift, lift up; [+ persiana, telón] to raise
    2) (=poner de pie)
    a)

    levantar a algn — [del suelo] to lift sb, lift sb up; [de la cama] to get sb up

    b) [+ objeto caído] to pick up
    3) (=erigir) [+ edificio, pared] to put up; [+ monumento] to erect, put up
    4) (=fundar) [+ empresa, imperio] to found, establish

    levantó un gran imperio comercial — he founded o established a great commercial empire

    5) (=dar un empuje) to build up
    6) [+ ánimo, moral] to lift, raise
    7) [+ tono, volumen] to raise

    levanta la voz, que no te oigo — speak up - I can't hear you

    ¡no levantes la voz! — keep your voice down!

    8) (=desmontar) [+ tienda de campaña] to take down

    levantar la mesa — LAm to clear the table

    9) (=producir) [+ sospechas] to arouse; [+ dolor] to give; [+ rumor] to spark off

    levantar falso testimonio — (Jur) to give false testimony; (Rel) to bear false witness

    ampolla
    10) (=terminar) [+ prohibición, embargo] to lift; [+ veda] to end
    11) (Jur)
    a) [+ censo] to take; [+ atestado] to make; [+ sesión] to adjourn
    acta 1)
    b) [+ cadáver] to remove
    12) (Arquit) [+ plano] to make, draw up
    13) (Caza) to flush out
    liebre 1), vuelo II, 1)
    14) (Mil) [+ ejército] to raise
    15) (=sublevar)
    (Pol)
    16) (Naipes) (=coger) to pick; (=superar) to beat
    17) * (=ganar) [+ dinero] to make, earn
    18) * (=robar) to pinch *, swipe *
    19) Ven ** (=arrestar) to nick **, arrest
    20) Col, Perú, Ven * [+ mujer] to pick up *
    2. VI
    1) hum [persona]
    2) (Naipes) to cut the pack

    levanta, es tu turno — cut the pack, it's your turn

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( del suelo) <bulto/peso> to lift, pick up
    b) <tapadera/mantel> to lift; <cabeza/mano> to raise

    levanté la mano para contestar — I put up o raised my hand to answer

    c) < persiana> to pull up, raise
    d)
    e) < voz> to raise; < polvo> to raise
    f) (Jueg) < carta> to pick up
    2)
    a) < ánimo> to boost; < moral> to raise, boost
    b) <industria/economía> to help... to pick up
    3) <estatua/muro/edificio> to erect, put up
    4) <embargo/sanción> to lift; < huelga> to call off
    5) <rumor/protestas> to spark (off); < polémica> to cause
    6) (Der)
    a) < acta> to prepare
    b) < cadáver> to remove
    7) < censo> to take
    8) (desmontar, deshacer): < campamento> to strike

    levantar la mesa — (AmL) to clear the table

    9)
    a) ( en brazos) < niño> to pick up
    b) ( de la cama) to get... out of bed
    c) ( poner de pie) to get... up
    10) (fam)
    a) ( robar) to lift (colloq)
    b) (AmS) < mujer> to pick up (colloq)
    2.
    levantarse v pron
    1)
    a) ( de la cama) to get up; pie 1b
    b) ( ponerse en pie) to stand up, to rise (frml)

    ¿me puedo levantar de la mesa? — may I leave the table?

    2) polvareda to rise; temporal to brew
    3) torre/edificio ( erguirse) to rise
    4) pintura to peel
    5) ( sublevarse) to rise (up)
    6) (refl) <solapas/cuello> to turn up
    7) (AmS fam) < mujer> to pick up (colloq)
    * * *
    = erect, lift (up).
    Ex. Other walls, where security and privacy are absolutely essential, are not structural and are designed to be easily demounted and erected elsewhere.
    Ex. The scanner must, however, be lifted from the document at the end of each scan.
    ----
    * hacer que Algo levante el vuelo = get + Nombre + off the ground.
    * levantar al hacer surcos = plough [plow, -USA].
    * levantar ampollas = blister, rile, raise + Posesivo + hackles.
    * levantar armas = take up + arms.
    * levantar barreras = erect + boundaries.
    * levantar barricadas = barricade.
    * levantar campamento = pull + stakes.
    * levantar con gato = jack up.
    * levantar crítica = arouse + criticism, raise + criticism.
    * levantar el ánimo = pep up.
    * levantar el vuelo = get off + the ground.
    * levantar haciendo palanca = pry.
    * levantar hato = pull + stakes.
    * levantar la cabeza = cock + Posesivo + head.
    * levantar la liebre = spill + the beans, blow + the gaff, let + the cat out of the bag.
    * levantar la mano = raise + Posesivo + hand.
    * levantar la perdiz = blow + the gaff, spill + the beans, blow + the gaff, let + the cat out of the bag.
    * levantar la polémica = spark + controversy.
    * levantar la sesión = adjourn + meeting.
    * levantar la vista = look up.
    * levantar la voz = raise + Posesivo + voice.
    * levantar los ánimos = lift + Posesivo + spirits up.
    * levantarse con el pie izquierdo = wake up on + the wrong side of the bed, get up on + the wrong side of the bed.
    * levantarse de un salto = spring up.
    * levantarse en armas (contra) = take + arms against, rebel (against).
    * levantarse en dos patas = buck.
    * levantar una barrera = build + wall.
    * levantar una prohibición = lift + ban, lift + restriction.
    * levantar una sesión = adjourn + session.
    * levantar un embargo = lift + embargo.
    * levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * palabras para levantar la moral = pep talk.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( del suelo) <bulto/peso> to lift, pick up
    b) <tapadera/mantel> to lift; <cabeza/mano> to raise

    levanté la mano para contestar — I put up o raised my hand to answer

    c) < persiana> to pull up, raise
    d)
    e) < voz> to raise; < polvo> to raise
    f) (Jueg) < carta> to pick up
    2)
    a) < ánimo> to boost; < moral> to raise, boost
    b) <industria/economía> to help... to pick up
    3) <estatua/muro/edificio> to erect, put up
    4) <embargo/sanción> to lift; < huelga> to call off
    5) <rumor/protestas> to spark (off); < polémica> to cause
    6) (Der)
    a) < acta> to prepare
    b) < cadáver> to remove
    7) < censo> to take
    8) (desmontar, deshacer): < campamento> to strike

    levantar la mesa — (AmL) to clear the table

    9)
    a) ( en brazos) < niño> to pick up
    b) ( de la cama) to get... out of bed
    c) ( poner de pie) to get... up
    10) (fam)
    a) ( robar) to lift (colloq)
    b) (AmS) < mujer> to pick up (colloq)
    2.
    levantarse v pron
    1)
    a) ( de la cama) to get up; pie 1b
    b) ( ponerse en pie) to stand up, to rise (frml)

    ¿me puedo levantar de la mesa? — may I leave the table?

    2) polvareda to rise; temporal to brew
    3) torre/edificio ( erguirse) to rise
    4) pintura to peel
    5) ( sublevarse) to rise (up)
    6) (refl) <solapas/cuello> to turn up
    7) (AmS fam) < mujer> to pick up (colloq)
    * * *
    = erect, lift (up).

    Ex: Other walls, where security and privacy are absolutely essential, are not structural and are designed to be easily demounted and erected elsewhere.

    Ex: The scanner must, however, be lifted from the document at the end of each scan.
    * hacer que Algo levante el vuelo = get + Nombre + off the ground.
    * levantar al hacer surcos = plough [plow, -USA].
    * levantar ampollas = blister, rile, raise + Posesivo + hackles.
    * levantar armas = take up + arms.
    * levantar barreras = erect + boundaries.
    * levantar barricadas = barricade.
    * levantar campamento = pull + stakes.
    * levantar con gato = jack up.
    * levantar crítica = arouse + criticism, raise + criticism.
    * levantar el ánimo = pep up.
    * levantar el vuelo = get off + the ground.
    * levantar haciendo palanca = pry.
    * levantar hato = pull + stakes.
    * levantar la cabeza = cock + Posesivo + head.
    * levantar la liebre = spill + the beans, blow + the gaff, let + the cat out of the bag.
    * levantar la mano = raise + Posesivo + hand.
    * levantar la perdiz = blow + the gaff, spill + the beans, blow + the gaff, let + the cat out of the bag.
    * levantar la polémica = spark + controversy.
    * levantar la sesión = adjourn + meeting.
    * levantar la vista = look up.
    * levantar la voz = raise + Posesivo + voice.
    * levantar los ánimos = lift + Posesivo + spirits up.
    * levantarse con el pie izquierdo = wake up on + the wrong side of the bed, get up on + the wrong side of the bed.
    * levantarse de un salto = spring up.
    * levantarse en armas (contra) = take + arms against, rebel (against).
    * levantarse en dos patas = buck.
    * levantar una barrera = build + wall.
    * levantar una prohibición = lift + ban, lift + restriction.
    * levantar una sesión = adjourn + session.
    * levantar un embargo = lift + embargo.
    * levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * palabras para levantar la moral = pep talk.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.

    * * *
    levantar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹bulto/peso/piedra› to lift, pick up; ‹persiana› to pull up, raise
    ayúdame a levantar este baúl help me to lift this trunk o pick this trunk up
    levanta la alfombra lift up the rug
    levantaron las copas para brindar they raised their glasses in a toast
    2 ‹ojos/mirada/vista›
    me contestó sin levantar los ojos or la vista del libro she answered me without looking up o without lifting her eyes from her book
    levantó la mirada hacia el cielo he raised his eyes to heaven
    3 ‹voz› to raise
    levantar el tono to raise one's voice
    ¡a mí no me levantes la voz! don't raise your voice to me!
    4 ‹polvo› to raise
    el coche levantó una nube de polvo the car raised a cloud of dust
    5 (en naipes) ‹carta› to pick up
    B
    1 ‹ánimos›
    esto nos levantó los ánimos/la moral this raised our spirits/our morale
    venga, levanta el ánimo come on, cheer up!
    2 ‹industria/economía› to help … to pick up
    a ver si conseguimos levantar este país let's see if we can get this country back on its feet
    C ‹estatua/muro/edificio› to erect, put up
    D ‹restricción/embargo/sanción› to lift; ‹huelga› to call off
    la madre le levantó el castigo his mother let him off o lifted his punishment
    levantar el asedio to raise o lift the siege
    se levanta la sesión the meeting is adjourned
    E ‹protestas› to cause, spark, spark off, give rise to; ‹polémica› to cause, arouse; ‹rumor› to give rise to, spark, spark off
    su comportamiento levantó sospechas entre los vecinos her behavior aroused o caused suspicion among the neighbors
    F ( Der)
    1 ‹acta› to prepare
    levantó atestado del accidente he wrote a report on the accident
    2 ‹cadáver› to remove
    G ‹censo› to take
    H
    (desmontar, deshacer): levantar (el) campamento to strike camp
    levantar la cama to strip the bed
    levantar la mesa ( AmL); to clear the table
    I
    1 (en brazos) ‹niño› to pick up
    2 (de la cama) to get … up, get … out of bed
    3
    (poner de pie): ayúdame a levantar al abuelo de la silla help me to get grandpa up out of his chair
    un discurso que levantó al público de sus asientos a speech which brought the audience to its feet
    J ( fam) (robar) to lift ( colloq), to swipe ( colloq), to pinch ( BrE colloq)
    me levantó la novia he went off with o stole o pinched my girlfriend ( colloq)
    K ( AmS fam) ‹mujer› to pick up ( colloq)
    A
    1 (de la cama) to get up
    nunca se levanta antes de las diez he never gets up o gets out of bed before ten
    ¿a qué hora te levantas? what time do you get up?
    ya se levanta un poco por la casa she can get up and move around the house a bit now, she's up and moving around the house a little now
    2
    (ponerse en pie): al entrar el monarca todos se levantaron everyone rose to their feet as the monarch entered ( frml)
    intentó levantarse del suelo he tried to get up off the floor o to stand up
    hasta que no terminemos todos no se levanta nadie de la mesa no one is getting up from (the) table until we've all finished
    se levantó de su asiento para saludarme she stood up o got up o rose to greet me
    B «polvareda» to rise; «temporal» to brew
    se ha levantado un viento muy fuerte a strong wind has got up o picked up
    C «torre/monumento/edificio» (erguirse) to rise
    D «pintura» to peel off, peel, come off
    E (sublevarse) to rise up, rise
    la nación entera se levantó (en armas) para repeler la invasión the whole nation rose up (in arms) to repel the invasion
    F ( refl) ‹solapas/cuello› to turn up
    G ( AmS fam) ‹mujer›
    1 (ligar) to pick up ( colloq)
    2 (acostarse con) to score with ( colloq), to go to bed with
    * * *

     

    levantar ( conjugate levantar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ( del suelo) ‹bulto/peso› to lift, pick up

    b) ‹tapadera/mantel› to lift (up);

    ‹cabeza/mano/copa› to raise;
    ‹ alfombra› to lift up

    d) ( elevar) ‹ voz› to raise;


    e) ‹ polvo› to raise

    f) (Jueg) ‹ carta› to pick up

    2
    a) ‹ ánimo› to boost;

    ‹ moral› to raise, boost
    b) ‹industria/economía› to help … to pick up

    3 ‹estatua/muro/edificio› to erect, put up
    4 ‹embargo/sanción› to lift;

    se levanta la sesión the meeting is adjourned
    5 ‹rumor/protestas› to spark (off);
    ‹ polémica› to cause;

    6 ‹ campamento› to strike;

    7 ( en brazos) ‹ persona› to pick up;
    ( de la cama) to get … out of bed;
    ( poner de pie) to get … up
    8 (AmS) ‹ mujer› to pick up (colloq)
    levantarse verbo pronominal
    1


    ◊ ¿me puedo levantar de la mesa? may I leave the table?

    2 [ polvareda] to rise;
    [ temporal] to brew;
    [ viento] to begin to blow, rise
    3 ( sublevarse) to rise (up)
    4 ( refl) ‹solapas/cuello› to turn up
    5 (AmS fam) ‹ mujer› to pick up (colloq)
    levantar verbo transitivo
    1 to lift
    levantar los ojos, to look up
    levantar la voz/mano, to raise one's voice/hand
    2 (una construcción, un monumento) to erect
    3 fig (el ánimo) to raise
    (sublevar) to make rise: levantó a los mineros, he stirred up the miners
    4 (poner fin) to lift: levantaron la prohibición, the ban was lifted ➣ Ver nota en raise
    ' levantar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acta
    - ampolla
    - atestado
    - batir
    - castillo
    - cercado
    - chillar
    - espíritu
    - liebre
    - pulso
    - sesión
    - testimonio
    - alzar
    - animar
    - apalancar
    - cabeza
    - castigo
    - coger
    - elevar
    - mano
    - mirada
    - ojo
    - recoger
    - voz
    - vuelo
    English:
    adjourn
    - boost
    - cat
    - close
    - cock
    - erect
    - get up
    - haul up
    - heave
    - hoist
    - hold up
    - jack up
    - keep down
    - kick up
    - lift
    - lift up
    - pick up
    - prick up
    - pull up
    - put up
    - raise
    - rear
    - set up
    - sling
    - stick up
    - stir up
    - swing
    - take up
    - throw up
    - turn up
    - up
    - bolster
    - buck
    - clear
    - dig
    - get
    - hold
    - jack
    - kick
    - look
    - pick
    - prick
    - pull
    - put
    - retract
    - set
    - stand
    - stick
    - strain
    - take
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [alzar, elevar] to raise;
    [objeto pesado, capó, trampilla] to lift (up); [persiana] to pull up;
    levantar el telón to raise the curtain;
    el que quiera venir conmigo que levante la mano anyone who wants to come with me should put their hand up;
    levanta la tapa de la olla y verás qué bien huele lift the lid off the pot and you'll see how good it smells;
    levantar algo del suelo to pick sth up off the ground;
    levantar a alguien del suelo to help sb up off the ground;
    levantó al bebé en alto she lifted the baby up in the air;
    el juez ordenó levantar el cadáver the judge ordered the body to be removed;
    los perros levantaron el zorro the dogs flushed out the fox;
    levantaba polvo al barrer she was raising clouds of dust as she swept;
    levantar la vista o [m5] mirada to look up;
    levantar la voz to raise one's voice;
    no ha conseguido levantar cabeza he's still not back to his old self
    2. [de la cama]
    levantar a alguien de la cama to get sb out of bed;
    ¿no te habré levantado? I hope I didn't wake o get you up
    3. [enderezar]
    levantar algo to stand sth upright;
    levanta la papelera, que se ha vuelto a caer stand the wastepaper basket up, it's fallen over again
    4. [construir] [edificio, muro] to build, to construct;
    [estatua, monumento] to put up, to erect;
    de la nada logró levantar un inmenso imperio empresarial she managed to build a huge business empire from nothing
    5. [quitar] [pintura, venda, tapa] to remove
    6. [retirar] [campamento] to strike;
    [tienda de campaña, tenderete] to take down; [mantel] to take off; RP Fam
    levantar (el) campamento to hit the road, to make tracks
    7. [causar] [protestas, polémica, rumores] to give rise to;
    me levanta dolor de cabeza it makes my head ache;
    esto levantó las sospechas de la policía this aroused the suspicions of the police
    8. [poner fin a] [embargo, prohibición] to lift;
    [asedio] to raise;
    levantaron el embargo a la isla they lifted the embargo on the island;
    el presidente levantó la sesión [terminarla] the chairman brought the meeting to an end;
    [aplazarla] the chairman adjourned the meeting;
    si no hay más preguntas, se levanta la sesión [en reunión] if there are no more questions, that ends the meeting
    9. [realizar] [atestado, plano, mapa] to draw up;
    el notario levantó acta del resultado del sorteo the notary recorded the result of the draw;
    levantar las actas [de una reunión] to take the minutes
    10. [dar un empuje a] [equipo, público] to lift;
    el gol levantó al equipo the goal lifted the team;
    no ha conseguido levantar la economía he hasn't managed to get the economy back on its feet;
    levantar el ánimo to cheer up;
    levantar la moral a alguien to boost sb's morale
    11. [sublevar]
    levantar a alguien contra to stir sb up against
    12. Fam [robar] to pinch, to swipe;
    levantarle algo a alguien to pinch o swipe sth off sb
    13. RP, Ven Fam [ligar] to pick up, Br to pull
    ♦ vi
    [niebla, nubes] to lift;
    saldremos cuando levante el día we'll go out when it clears up
    * * *
    v/t
    1raise; bulto lift (up); del suelo pick up;
    levantar los ojos raise one’s eyes, look up;
    levantar la voz raise one’s voice (a to);
    ¡levanta los ánimos! cheer up!;
    levantar sospechas arouse suspicion;
    levantar el vuelo de pájaro fly away, fly off; de avión take off
    2 edificio, estatua put up, erect
    3 embargo lift
    4 fam ( robar) lift fam, Br tb
    pinch fam
    * * *
    1) alzar: to lift, to raise
    2) : to put up, to erect
    3) : to call off, to adjourn
    4) : to give rise to, to arouse
    levantar sospechas: to arouse suspicion
    * * *
    1. (alzar) to raise
    2. (subir) to lift / to lift up
    levantar la vista / levantar los ojos to look up

    Spanish-English dictionary > levantar

  • 9 darum

    Adv.
    1. räumlich: around it ( oder them); betont: around there
    2. fig.: jemanden darum bitten zu (+ Inf.) ask s.o. to (+ Inf.) es geht darum, dass... the thing is that...; darum geht es gar nicht that’s not the point; er kümmert sich nicht darum he doesn’t care (about it); es handelt sich darum festzustellen it’s a matter of finding out; ich gäbe was / viel darum zu wissen umg. I wouldn’t mind knowing / I’d love to know; du wirst nicht darum herumkommen you won’t be able to avoid it; es ist mir nicht darum zu tun, dass... it is not my intention ( oder aim) to...; aber darum ist es mir gar nicht zu tun but that’s not what I’m after at all; es ist mir nur darum zu tun, dass... it is solely ( oder precisely) my concern ( oder aim) to...
    3. (deshalb) that’s why; ich habe es darum getan, weil... the reason I did it was because...; sie ist krank und darum nicht gekommen she’s ill (Am. auch sick) and that’s why she hasn’t come; warum? - darum! umg. (just) because!, that’s why!; sie ist zwar jung, aber darum nicht dumm she may be young but that doesn’t necessarily make her stupid
    * * *
    therefore (Adv.); for that reason (Adv.); therefore (Konj.)
    * * *
    da|rụm [daː'rʊm] (emph) ['daːrʊm]
    adv
    1) (räumlich) (a)round that/it/him/her/them

    darum herum — (a)round about (it/him/her/them)

    darum, wo... — (a)round where...

    2)

    (= um diese Angelegenheit) (in Verbindung mit n, vb siehe auch dort) es geht darum, dass... — the thing is that...

    darum geht es — that is what it is about, that's it

    darum geht es mir nicht — that's not the point for me

    es geht mir darum, Ihnen das klarzumachen — I'm trying to make it clear to you

    wir kommen leider nicht darum herum, die Preise heraufzusetzen — unfortunately we cannot avoid raising prices

    wir wollen nicht lange darum herumreden — we don't want to spend a long time talking around the subject

    ich gäbe viel darum, die Wahrheit zu erfahren — I would give a lot to learn the truth

    ich habe ihn schon ein paar Mal darum gebeten, aber... — I've asked him a few times (for it/to do it), but...

    könntest du ihn darum bitten, zu mir zu kommen? — could you ask him to come to me?

    sie haben sich darum gestritten, wer... — they argued over who...

    3) (liter = darüber, davon) about that/it

    nur wenige wissen darum, wie... (geh) — few people know how...

    4) (= deshalb) that's why, because...

    darum, dass or weil... — because...

    ach darum! — so that's why!

    darum? — because of that?

    warum willst du nicht mitkommen? – darum! (inf) — why don't you want to come? – (just) 'cos!

    er ist faul, aber darum nicht dumm — he's lazy but that doesn't mean he's stupid

    See:
    → auch drum
    * * *
    dar·um
    [daˈrʊm]
    1. (deshalb) that's why
    \darum? because of that?, really?
    \darum! (fam) [just] because! fam
    ach \darum! oh, that's why!, oh, I see!
    eben \darum for that very reason, that's exactly why
    \darum, weil... because...
    2. in Verbindung mit subst, vb siehe auch dort
    \darum bitten to ask for it/that/them
    jdn \darum bitten/sich akk \darum bemühen, etw zu tun to ask sb/to try [hard] to do sth
    es geht uns \darum, es richtig zu tun we are trying do it right
    es geht nicht \darum, wer zuerst kommt it's not a question of who comes first
    \darum geht es ja gerade! that's just it! [or the point!]
    \darum geht es nicht! that's not [or beside] the point!
    wir kommen nicht \darum herum there's no avoiding it/that, it can't be helped
    \darum herumreden to beat around the bush
    sich akk \darum streiten to argue over it/that
    3. (räumlich: um diesen Ort, Gegenstand herum)
    ▪ \darum [herum] around it, BRIT a. round it
    * * *
    1) [a]round it/them
    2)

    ich werde mich darum bemühen — I will try to deal with it; (versuchen, es zu bekommen) I'll try to get it

    sie wird nicht darum herumkommen, es zu tun — she won't get out of or avoid doing it

    es geht mir darum, eine Einigung zu erzielen — my concern or aim is to reach an agreement

    3) (deswegen) because of that; for that reason

    ach, darum ist er so schlecht gelaunt! — so that's why he's in such a bad mood!

    * * *
    darum adv
    1. räumlich: around it ( oder them); betont: around there
    2. fig:
    jemanden darum bitten zu (+inf) ask sb to (+inf)
    es geht darum, dass … the thing is that …;
    darum geht es gar nicht that’s not the point;
    er kümmert sich nicht darum he doesn’t care (about it);
    es handelt sich darum festzustellen it’s a matter of finding out;
    ich gäbe was/viel darum zu wissen umg I wouldn’t mind knowing/I’d love to know;
    du wirst nicht darum herumkommen you won’t be able to avoid it;
    es ist mir nicht darum zu tun, dass … it is not my intention ( oder aim) to …;
    aber darum ist es mir gar nicht zu tun but that’s not what I’m after at all;
    es ist mir nur darum zu tun, dass … it is solely ( oder precisely) my concern ( oder aim) to …
    3. (deshalb) that’s why;
    ich habe es darum getan, weil … the reason I did it was because …;
    sie ist krank und darum nicht gekommen she’s ill (US auch sick) and that’s why she hasn’t come;
    warum? -
    darum! umg (just) because!, that’s why!;
    sie ist zwar jung, aber darum nicht dumm she may be young but that doesn’t necessarily make her stupid
    * * *
    1) [a]round it/them
    2)

    ich werde mich darum bemühen — I will try to deal with it; (versuchen, es zu bekommen) I'll try to get it

    sie wird nicht darum herumkommen, es zu tun — she won't get out of or avoid doing it

    es geht mir darum, eine Einigung zu erzielen — my concern or aim is to reach an agreement

    3) (deswegen) because of that; for that reason

    ach, darum ist er so schlecht gelaunt! — so that's why he's in such a bad mood!

    * * *
    adv.
    because expr.
    for that reason expr.
    therefore adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > darum

  • 10 generación

    f.
    1 generation, people of the time, people of the epoch.
    2 generation, age, epoch.
    3 generation, creation, formation.
    * * *
    1 generation
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=acto) generation
    2) (=grupo) generation

    la generación del 27/98 — the generation of '27/'98

    primera/segunda/tercera/cuarta generación — (Inform) first/second/third/fourth generation

    3) (=descendencia) progeny, offspring; (=crías) brood; (=sucesión) succession
    GENERACIÓN DEL 27/DEL 98 The Generación del 27 is the collective name given to a group of writers and poets including Lorca, Alberti, Guillén, Cernuda and Aleixandre, who drew inspiration from earlier Spanish poets as well as from popular folk song and contemporary European art (Dadaism, Surrealism, Cubism). They particularly admired Góngora (1561-1627) and it was their commemoration of the anniversary of his death that earned them the title Generación del 27. The Generación del 98 was the name coined by Azorín for a group of writers (Baroja, Machado, Unamuno, Maeztu, Ganivet, and himself, amongst others) who saw Spain's defeat in the Cuban American war of 1898 as the start of a decline in values. While not all the supposed members of the group accepted their inclusion in it, their work demonstrates shared themes, ideals and concerns.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( de una familia) generation
    b) (Art, Lit) generation
    c) (Inf) generation
    2) ( acción) generation
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( de una familia) generation
    b) (Art, Lit) generation
    c) (Inf) generation
    2) ( acción) generation
    * * *
    generación1

    Ex: Information retrieval follows from the generation of an index.

    * generación de ingresos = revenue-raising, income generation.

    generación2
    2 = breed, generation.

    Ex: He is one of the new breed of librarians, a person with traditional library training enhanced by formal training in mathematics and computer science.

    Ex: It is already obvious that the present generation of schoolchildren readily accept the microcomputer as a learning and recreational aid.
    * de antigua generación = low-end.
    * de generación a generación = from generation to generation.
    * de generación en generación = from generation to generation.
    * de segunda generación = second-generation.
    * de última generación = enhanced, high-tech, high-end, leading edge.
    * durante generaciones = for generations.
    * generación de estudiantes = cohort of students.
    * generación del baby boom = baby boom generation, baby-boomer generation.
    * generación del boom de la natalidad = baby boom generation, baby-boomer generation.
    * generación del fin del milenio, la = Millennial Generation, the, Millennium Generation, the.
    * generación de los videojuegos, la = gaming generation, the.
    * generación venidera = future generation.
    * Generación X = Generation X.
    * Generación Y = Generation Y.
    * pasar de generación en generación = pass down from + generation to generation.
    * que afecta a varias generaciones = cross-generational.
    * transmitir de generación en generación = pass down from + generation to generation.

    * * *
    Generación del 27 (↑ generación a1), Generación del 98 (↑ generación aa1)
    A
    1 (de una familia) generation
    2 ( Art, Lit) generation
    la generación del 98 the generation of '98
    3 ( Inf) generation
    B (acción) generation
    generación de empleo generation o creation of employment
    por generación espontánea by spontaneous generation, by autogenesis
    ¿y cómo te crees que tuvo el hijo, por generación espontánea? ( fam hum); how do you think she had the baby? do you think they found him at the bottom of the garden o under the gooseberry bush? ( colloq hum)
    * * *

     

    generación sustantivo femenino
    generation
    generación sustantivo femenino generation
    ' generación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    central
    English:
    breed
    - coming
    - first generation
    - foremost
    - generation
    - hand down
    - pass down
    * * *
    1. [conjunto de personas] generation
    2. [de artistas, intelectuales] generation
    3. [de máquinas, tecnología] generation;
    los monitores de la última generación son más ligeros the latest generation of monitors are lighter
    4. [acción] generation;
    la generación de basuras es un grave problema waste production is a serious problem
    generación espontánea spontaneous generation
    GENERACIÓN DEL 98
    When Spain lost its last major colonies (Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines) in 1898, this brought to a head the concern felt by many Spanish intellectuals about the political and cultural decline of their country. They began to question the identity of Spain, and this was reflected in a certain pessimism in their work, though they also celebrated what they held to be its distinctive values. These authors subsequently became known as the Generación del 98, and included many of Spain's greatest writers, such as the philosopher Unamuno (1864-1936), the prolific novelist Pío Baroja (1872-1956) and the poet Antonio Machado (1875-1939).
    * * *
    f generation
    * * *
    1) : generation
    tercera generación: third generation
    2) : generating, creating
    3) : class
    la generación del '97: the class of '97
    * * *
    generación n generation

    Spanish-English dictionary > generación

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